摘要
我国自1958年以来开展了大量人工消雾外场试验和研究工作。阐述了陆地雾和海雾的基本特征,梳理了人工消暖雾和冷雾的主要途径与技术方法。我国雾区分布广泛且季节性差异明显,陆地雾多为辐射雾,海雾分布于沿海多雾区域。消暖雾采用加热、动力、热力动力和播撒吸湿颗粒等方法,消冷雾则有播撒碘化银类成冰剂和播撒致冷剂两类方法。研究分析了不同催化方法的适用性和不确定性,为我国外场人工消雾试验、催化作业及未来发展提供思路和参考。
Since 1958,China has conducted numerous artificial fog dissipation field experiments and research.This paper summarizes the classification and characteristics of fog as well as the mechanisms and methods of artificial fog dissipation.Fog areas in China are extensively distributed,with obvious seasonal differences.Land fog is mostly radiation fog,whereas sea fog is distributed in foggy areas along the coast,and its formation and dissipation are restricted by various conditions.The methods and technical approaches for artificial warm and cold fog dissipation were determined.The dissipation methods for warm fog include heating,dynamic mixing,thermodynamic methods,and hygroscopic particle seeding;whereas the dissipation methods for cold fog include seeding silver iodide of ice nucleating agents and spraying refrigerants.Other methods such as ultrasound are currently being researched and tested.The applicability,advantages,disadvantages,and uncertainties of these seeding methods were analyzed.The applicability of the fog dissipation methods varies.When applying these methods,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the technical approaches,implementation challenges,costeffectiveness,and fog dissipation efficacy in field trials and operational applications.Aircraft-induced downdraft mixing is a simple,expensive,and operationally challenging process for warm fog.Thermal heating is universally applicable to all warm fog types but is cost-prohibitive and reserved for emergencies or critical infrastructure(e.g.,major international airports and vital seaports),particularly for high-temperature fog.For cold fog,silver iodide seeding exhibits poor nucleation efficiency at temperatures around-5℃(optimal below-8℃),necessitating cooling agents like liquid nitrogen,dry ice,and propane.Despite its high cost,liquidnitrogen seeding is preferred operationally owing to its reliability and ease of deployment.All the current methods can dissipate local small-range warm or cold fog,but none can dissipate large-scale fog systems.A comprehensive analysis of fog dissipation provided ideas and references for artificial fog dissipation experiments,seeding operations,and future development in China.Future research should integrate numerical modeling,laboratory experiments,and field trials to validate and optimize seeding techniques and enhance the operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
作者
楼小凤
王田田
郭丽君
周旭
李集明
LOU Xiaofeng;WANG Tiantian;GUO Lijun;ZHOU Xu;LI Jiming(Weather Modification Centre,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;CMA Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification(CPML),Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《地球科学进展》
北大核心
2025年第2期126-137,共12页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:42475205)
国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2024YFF1308200)
中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室开放课题(编号:2023CPML-C04)资助.
关键词
陆地雾
海雾
人工消暖雾
人工消冷雾
Land fog
Sea fog
Artificial warm-fog dissipation
Artificial cold-fog dissipation
