摘要
【目的】呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松防风固沙林的林下草本物种组成与多样性对其群落稳定性具有重要影响。探寻林下草本层物种多样性特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系,对樟子松防风固沙林的抚育管理与可持续发展具有重要意义。【方法】选择呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松防风固沙林,对不同林龄的樟子松纯林、同龄的人工纯林和乔灌混交林进行植被调查和土壤取样,分析其草本植物物种多样性与土壤理化性质的特征和关系。【结果】调查区林下草本植物共有80种,隶属26科60属,以菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科等为主;相同土壤类型条件下,樟子松纯林的林下优势植物种随林龄变化发生更迭,与天然林的草本群落相似程度逐渐增大;同龄的樟子松人工纯林与乔灌混交林的优势物种几乎不重叠,Sorensen相似性指数在0.37~0.53。在相同土壤类型条件下,不同林龄樟子松纯林草本层的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数无显著差异,但38a樟子松纯林的Pielou均匀度指数低于其余林龄的纯林;同龄的人工纯林与乔灌混交林的草本物种Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数无显著差异。相同土壤类型下,樟子松人工纯林0~40 cm深度的土壤pH值、电导率、有机碳含量随林龄增加有降低趋势,土壤容重有一定的增加趋势,而且各项土壤指标与天然林逐渐接近;同龄的樟子松人工纯林与乔灌混交林土壤的pH值、容重、电导率和有机碳含量在0~40 cm深度内无显著差异。通过分析草本物种多样性指数与土壤理化性质的相关性,发现Margalef丰富度指数与0~10 cm、20~40 cm土壤容重存在显著负相关,与0~10 cm土壤有机碳含量存在显著正相关;Pielou均匀度指数与0~10 cm土壤有机碳含量存在显著负相关,与10~40 cm土壤有机碳含量存在极显著负相关。【结论】调查区樟子松防风固沙林均具有较高的草本物种多样性,不同林龄的樟子松纯林、同龄的人工纯林和乔灌混交林的林下草本群落相似程度较低。土壤容重、有机碳含量与草本物种多样性之间存在显著相关性,各林分间草本层群落相似性可能受土壤类型、林分结构等影响。
【Objective】The species composition and diversity of understory herbaceous species had an important impact on the stability of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica windbreak and sand-fixing forests in the Hulunbuir sandy land.It is of great significance to explore the species diversity characteristics of herbaceous layers of different types of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest and its relationship with soil physicochemical properties.【Method】In this study,vegetation investigation and soil sampling were carried out on pure Pinus sylvestris var.Mongolica forests of different ages、the same age of pure forest and mixed tree-shrub forests,and the characteristics and relationships between herbaceous species diversity and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed.【Result】There were 80 species of understory herbaceous plants in the survey area,belonging to 26 families and 60 genera,mainly Asteraceae,Rosaceae and Poaceae.Under the same soil type,the dominant species in the pure Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forests changed with stand age,and the similarity with the herbaceous community of natural forest gradually increased.The dominant species of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation and tree-shrub mixed forests of the same age almost did not overlap,and the Sorensen similarity index was 0.37~0.53.Under the same soil type,there was no significant difference in Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index in the herbaceous layer of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forests with different stand age,and the Pielou evenness index of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica 38a was lower than that of other pure forests.There were no significant differences in the Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index of herbaceous species between pure plantation and mixed tree-shrub forests of the same age.Under the same soil type,the soil pH,conductivity and organic carbon content of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation at a depth of 0~40 cm decreased with the increase of stand age,and the soil bulk density increased to a certain extent,and the soil indexes were gradually close to those of natural forest.There was no significant difference in soil pH,bulk density,conductivity and organic carbon content between pure plantation and tree-shrub mixed forests of the same age in the depth of 0~40 cm.The correlation between herbaceous species diversity index and soil physicochemical properties showed that Margalef richness index was negatively correlated with soil bulk density at 0~10 cm and 20~40 cm,and positively correlated with soil organic carbon content at 0~10 cm.There was a significant negative correlation between Pielou evenness index and soil organic carbon content at 0~10 cm,and a significant negative correlation with soil organic carbon content at 10~40 cm.【Conclusion】The windbreak and sand-fixing forests of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica in the survey area had a high diversity of herbaceous species,and the understory herbaceous communities of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica of different ages,the pure forest and tree-shrub mixed forests were relatively similar.There is a significant correlation between soil bulk density,organic carbon content,and herbaceous species diversity.The similarity of herbaceous layer communities among different stands may be influenced by some factors,such as soil type and stand structure.
作者
钟孟君
王学全
杨乾坤
周平一
韩照日格图
鲁海涛
商宇
Zhong Mengjun;Wang Xuequan;Yang Qiankun;Zhou Pingyi;Han Zhaorigetu;Lu Haitao;Shang Yu(National Forestry and Grassland Administration Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Institute of Forestry Science in Hulun Buir,Hailar 021008,China)
出处
《陆地生态系统与保护学报》
2024年第6期22-31,共10页
Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划专题“呼伦贝尔沙地防风固沙林稳定性评价与防沙治沙功能提升近自然营建技术研究与示范”(2022YFF1302503-4)。
关键词
呼伦贝尔沙地
樟子松
防风固沙林
物种多样性
土壤理化性质
Hulunbuir sandy land
Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica
windbreak and sand fixation forests
species diversity
soil physical and chemical properties
