摘要
质子交换膜燃料电池具有启动迅速、功率密度大、环境友好等特点,在交通、航天等领域备受关注。燃料电池流场设计和热管理策略对传热、传质、导电、疏水性等电池性能影响较大,双极板的流场设计对于燃料电池的性能起着决定性作用,而氢燃料电池热管理技术是提升其性能、安全性和寿命的核心研究方向。流场优化设计可分为流道布局优化和流道结构优化两大类,通过优化流道布局(如增加凸台、薄板等)和流道结构(如改变几何参数、设计新型流道),可显著改善传热传质效果,提高电池性能并减少水淹现象,新型流道在传热传质均匀性上具有更大的优势。在热管理方面,高效的余热利用方式、精准的散热控制策略以及低温冷启动策略是研究重点。通过耦合余热回收与冷却系统、开发智能控制策略以及优化冷启动技术,可有效提升燃料电池的性能、安全性和寿命。未来研究应进一步探索余热利用与乘客舱热舒适的耦合、针对不同工况进行流场设计优化以及开展非稳态模拟计算等。
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have the characteristics of rapid start-up,high power densityand environmental friendliness,and have attracted much attention in fields such as transportation and aerospace.The flow field design and thermal management strategies of fuel cells have a significant impact on cell per-formance such as heat transfer,mass transfer,conductivity and hydrophobicity.The flow field design of bipolarplates plays a decisive role in the performance of fuel cells,and the thermal management technology of hy-drogen fuel cells is the core research direction for improving their performance,safety and lifespan.Flow fieldoptimization design can be divided into two major categories;flow channel layout optimization and flow chan-nel structure optimization.By optimizing the flow channel layout(such as adding protrusions,thin plates,etc.)and the flow channel structure(such as changing geometric parameters,designing new flow channels),the heatand mass transfer effects can be significantly improved,the cell performance can be enhanced,and waterflooding can be reduced.The new flow channels have greater advantages in the uniformity of heat and masstransfer.In terms of thermal management,efficient waste heat utilization methods,precise heat dissipation controlstrategies and low-temperature cold start strategies are the research focuses.By coupling waste heat recoveryand cooling systems,developing intelligent control strategies and optimizing cold start technologies,the perfor-mance,safety and lifespan of fuel cells can be effectively enhanced.Future research should further explore thecoupling of waste heat utilization and passenger cabin thermal comfort,optimize the flow field design for dif-ferent working conditions,and carry out non-steady-state simulation calculations.
作者
曾娅仪
刘泽华
洪京航
杨添会
谢丹
Zeng Yayi;Liu Zehua;Hong Jinghang;Yang Tianhui;Xie Dan(University of South China,Hengyang Hunan 421001)
出处
《中外能源》
2025年第5期27-33,共7页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
质子交换膜燃料电池
流场设计
热管理
传热传质
余热利用
冷启动
proton exchange membrane fuel cell
flow field design
thermal management
heat and mass trans-fer
waste heat utilization
cold start
