摘要
采用区分贸易方式的2021年版的OECD世界投入产出表,测算与分析中美出口国内增加值变化及其驱动因素。研究发现:(1)中国整体出口国内增加值的规模在2012年反超美国,呈现上升-下降-上升-下降-上升的变化趋势;一般贸易出口国内增加值占比呈现轻微下降趋势。(2)中国出口增加值结构呈现以“创新密集型制造业”为绝对主导,“劳动密集型服务业+区域生产型制造业”为辅的基本格局;美国出口增加值结构呈现以“创新密集型制造业+劳动密集型服务业”协同并进,知识密集型服务业为辅的基本格局。(3)受加工贸易出口占比较大且出口国内增加值率较低的影响,中美两国创新密集型制造业出口国内增加值率差距显著,尤其体现在中美双边贸易;中国知识密集型服务业出口国内增加值率呈现上升趋势,与美国差距逐渐缩小。(4)出口总规模扩大是中美出口国内增加值变化的最主要驱动力;国内产业关联对中国出口国内增加值变化产生较小正向影响,而出口结构调整对美国出口国内增加值提高产生微弱正向效应。
This paper utilizes the 2021 OECD input-output tables with differentiated trade modes to measure and analyze changes in domestic value added(DVA)in exports and their driving factors for China and the United States.The study finds:(1)Overall,China′s DVA in exports surpassed that of the U.S.in 2012,exhibiting a fluctuating pattern of rise-decline-rise-decline-rise.The domestic value-added ratio(DVAR)of general trade exports shows a slight downward trend.(2)The structure of Chi-na′s export value added is dominated by innovation-intensive manufacturing,supplemented by labor-in-tensive services and regionally production-oriented manufacturing.The structure of the United States′export value added is characterized by a collaborative development of innovation-intensive manufactur-ing and labor-intensive services,supplemented by knowledge-intensive services.(3)Due to the large proportion of processing trade exports and the lower rate of domestic value added in exports,there is a significant gap in the rate of domestic value added in exports of innovation-intensive manufacturing be-tween China and the United States,especially in Sino-US bilateral trade.The rate of domestic value add-ed in exports of China′s knowledge-intensive service industry shows an upward trend,gradually narrow-ing the gap with the United States.(4)The expansion of the total export scale is the most important driv-ing force behind changes in domestic value added in exports for both China and the United States.Do-mestic industrial linkages have a small positive impact on changes in China′s domestic value added in exports,while export structure adjustment has a slight positive effect on improving the United States′do-mestic value added in exports.
作者
郑玉
杨继军
姜青克
ZHENG Yu;YANG Ji-jun;JIANG Qing-ke(School of International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Economics,Shandong Women′s University,)
出处
《兰州财经大学学报》
2025年第2期95-104,共10页
Journal of Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“数实技术融合驱动全球价值链‘三重地位’攀升的机制与路径研究”(24CJY001)
江苏社科基金青年项目“数实技术融合驱动江苏全球价值链‘三重地位’攀升的机制与路径研究”(24ZHC013)
江苏高校哲学社会科学重大项目“全球供应链空间重构的动力机制、效率损失与中国对策研究”(2022SJZD056)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学一般项目“国内与国际价值链分工竞合下江苏现代服务业高质量发展研究”(2021SJA0298)。
关键词
全球价值链
投入产出
出口国内增加值
结构分解
global value chain
input-output
domestic value added in exports
structural decomposition
