摘要
【目的】中国南方地区位于热带亚热带季风气候区域,雨热同期且降水丰沛,土壤矿物分解和盐基阳离子淋失的过程强烈。南方地区土壤酸化不断加剧,成为耕地质量提升的主要障碍因子。本研究旨在解决南方地区土壤酸化与粪肥科学施用问题,以协同实现区域种养结合与土壤酸化阻控。【方法】面向南方酸化重点区域,开展土壤酸化防控的畜禽粪便农田承载力的建模工作。根据农田土壤酸化机制,运用湖南祁阳站、湖南桃源站和江西鹰潭站的723条水稻长期定位试验观测数据,核算湖南省和江西省农田土壤系统净产酸量;假设畜禽粪肥碱量与农田土壤系统的净产酸量相等,结合畜禽粪肥碱度值,估算得到每公顷农田为阻控酸化所需的畜禽粪肥量;再根据畜禽粪便收集与处理等参数,推导出适宜的畜禽养殖量。【结果】湖南省和江西省农田土壤系统的净产酸量分别为5.9~7.9 keq/hm^(2)和6.8~8.9 keq/hm^(2)。其中,湖南省氮循环过程氢离子产生量集中在0.7 keq/hm^(2),江西省氮循环过程氢离子产生量为0.8~1.0keq/hm^(2);而两省盐基离子吸收过程氢离子产生量分别为6.5~8.9keq/hm^(2)和7.3~9.9 keq/hm^(2),阴离子吸收过程氢离子消耗量分别为1.3~1.8 keq/hm^(2)和1.5~2.1 keq/hm^(2)。盐基离子吸收过程的氢离子产生量为农田土壤系统产酸量的主要部分。根据承载力模型估算得到,湖南省的生猪、奶牛、肉牛、肉鸡和蛋鸡的畜禽粪便承载力分别为152.8~202.7头/hm^(2)、2.4~3.2头/hm^(2)、5.6~7.5头/hm^(2)、701.6~931.0羽/hm^(2)和141.4~187.7羽/hm^(2);江西省分别为146.9~192.7头/hm^(2)、3.4~4.5头/hm^(2)、5.5~7.2头/hm^(2)、798.9~1047.8羽/hm^(2)和115.5~151.5羽/hm^(2)。【结论】考虑土壤酸化阻控需求,湖南和江西两省的畜禽养殖业未来发展潜力大。建议适量增施粪肥,协同实现土壤酸化阻控与种养结合,但需防控农田养分盈余带来的农业面源污染风险。
[Objective]Southern China is located in the tropical and subtropical monsoon climate region,characterized by synchronized rainfall and heat with abundant precipitation,This climatic condition drives intense chemical decomposition of soil minerals and leaching of base cations.Soil acidification in southern China is increasingly exacerbated,emerging as the main obstacle to improving the quality of cultivated land.The study aims to solve the problem of soil acidification and scientific application of manure in southern China,to synergistically achieve regional integrated crop-livestock systems and soil acidification mitigation and control.[Method]The modeling of farmland carrying capacity of animal manure in soil acidification prevention was carried out in key acidification areas in southern China.According to the mechanism of farmland soil acidification,the net acid production of farmland soil system in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces was calculated using 723 long-term paddy rice positioning test observation data from Qiyang Station in Hunan Province,Taoyuan Station in Hunan Province and Yingtan Station in Jiangxi Province.Assuming that the alkalinity of animal manure was equal to the net acid production of farmland soil system,the required livestock manure amount per hectare for acidification prevention and control can be estimated by incorporating the manure's alkalinity value.Based on the parameters such as animal manure collection and treatment,the optimal animal breeding amount was dervied.[Result]The net acid production of farmland soil system in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces was 5.9-7.9 and 6.8-8.9 keq per hectare,respectively.Among them,the hydrogen ion production in the nitrogen cycle process in Hunan Province was 0.7 keq per hectare,the hydrogen ion production in the nitrogen cycle process in Jiangxi Province was 0.8-1.0 keq per hectare;while the hydrogen ion production in the base ion absorption process in the two provinces was 6.5-8.9 and 7.3-9.9 keq per hectare,respectively,and the hydrogen ion consumption in the anion absorption process were 1.3-1.8 and 1.5-2.1 keq per hectare,respectively.The hydrogen ion production in the base ion absorption process was the main part of the acid production in the farmland soil system.Based on the calculation model,the carrying capacity of animal manure of swine,dairy cattle,beef cattle,broiler and layer in Hunan Province was 152.8-202.7 heads per hectare,2.4-3.2 heads per hectare,5.6-7.5 heads per hectare,701.6-931.0 feathers per hectare and 141.4-187.7 feathers per hectare,respectively;In Jiangxi Province,it was 146.9-192.7 heads per hectare,3.4-4.5 heads per hectare,5.5-7.2 heads per hectare,798.9-1047.8 feathers per hectare and 115.5-151.5 feathers per hectare,respectively.[Conclusion]Considering the need to prevent soil acidification,the animal breeding industry in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces had great potential for future development.It was recommended to increase the application of manure moderately to synergistically achieve soil acidification prevention and integration of planting and breeding,while the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by surplus nutrients in farmland needed to be prevented and controlled.
作者
楚天舒
陈晨晨
贺雪妮
任一哲
杨行
赵智强
张起赫
廖科科
汤树生
CHU Tianshu;CHEN Chenchen;HE Xueni;REN Yizhe;YANG Hang;ZHAO Zhiqiang;ZHANG Qihe;LIAO Keke;TANG Shusheng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Engineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Nanchang 330045,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期548-556,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1801105)。
关键词
畜禽粪便农田承载力
土壤酸化
水稻
长期定位试验
湖南省
江西省
farmland bearing capacity of animal manure
soil acidification
rice
long-term positioning experiments
Hunan Province
Jiangxi Province
