摘要
【目的】益生菌发酵豆粕能够提高豆粕的营养价值、蛋白质消化率和利用率,其中发酵菌株是影响豆粕发酵效果的关键。研究旨在探究禽内源乳杆菌和酵母菌联合发酵豆粕对黄羽肉鸡相关指标的影响,为复合菌发酵豆粕在肉鸡生产应用提供科学依据。【方法】试验选取初始体质量相近的37d黄羽肉鸡90羽,随机分为3组,每组15个重复,每个重复2羽。试验组分别为对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、鸡内源乳杆菌组(添加0.5%单克隆乳杆菌发酵豆粕)和复合菌组(添加0.5%乳杆菌和酵母菌联合发酵豆粕)。预试期3d,正试期28d。试验结束测定各组别肉鸡生长性能;选取对照组、复合菌组肉鸡的法氏囊、肝脏、胰腺和脾脏指数,以及肠道长度、质量、pH进行测定;比较分析HE染色后十二指肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛隐窝比例;采用qPCR测定对照组、复合菌组肉鸡盲肠黏膜炎症因子mRNA的相对表达量。【结果】(1)日粮添加复合菌发酵豆粕组肉鸡平均日体增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),平均日采食量(ADFI)有提高的趋势(P=0.053),整体效果优于单独鸡内源乳杆菌发酵豆粕组,但两组料重比(F/G)与对照组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)与对照组相比,复合菌发酵豆粕组显著提高了肉鸡腹脂率(P<0.05),具有提高法氏囊指数的趋势(P=0.059),但对肝脏指数、胰腺指数和脾脏指数没有显著影响(P>0.05);(3)复合菌发酵豆粕组肉鸡回肠内容物pH有降低的趋势(P=0.081),盲肠质量/长度比有提高的趋势(P=0.084),盲肠长度、盲肠指数、结直肠长度、十二指肠内容物pH、盲肠内容物pH没有显著影响(P>0.05);(4)与对照组相比,复合菌组肉鸡的十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒隐比没有显著影响(P>0.05);(5)与对照组相比,复合菌组肉鸡的盲肠黏膜IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05),IL-10 mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),IL-8的mRNA相对表达量有提高的趋势(P=0.064),但IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、TNF-α的mRNA相对表达量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】饲料添加0.5%鸡内源乳杆菌联合酵母发酵豆粕能够显著提高肉鸡平均日增重和腹脂率,有提高肉鸡法氏囊指数、降低回肠内容物pH的趋势。
[Objective]Soybean meal fermented by probiotics can improve the nutritional value,protein digestibility and utilization rate of soybean meal.Fermentation strain is the key factor affecting the fermentation effect of soybean meal.The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of soybean meal fermented by endogenous lactic acid bacteria in birds on related indexes of yellow-feather broilers,which can provide a theoretical basis for the development and use of compound bacteria fermented soybean meal in animal husbandry.[Method]9037-day-old yellow-feathered broilers with similar beginning weights were randomly assigned to three groups,with 15 replicates in each group and 2 broilers in each replicate.The experimental groups included the control group(fed with the basal diet),chicken endogenous lactobacillus group(the basal diet added with 0.5%monoclonal lactobacillus fermented soybean meal)and the group of compound bacterial(the basal diet added with 0.5%lactobacillus and yeast combination fermented soybean meal).The preliminary test period was 3 days,and the formal test period was 28 days.During the experiment,the growth performance of all groups was measured.The bursa of fasciola,liver,pancreas,and spleen index,as well as intestinal length,weight,and pH,were measured for both the control group and the compound bacteria group.HE staining was performed on the duodenum,then the height of the duodenal villi,the depth of the crypts,as well as the villus-crypt ratio were compared and analyzed.qPCR was used to determine the relative expression of inflammatory factors mRNA in the cecum mucosa.[Result](1)Compared with the control group,the average daily weight gain(ADG)of broilers in the fermented soybean meal group with compoound bacteria significantly increased(P<0.05),the average daily feed intake(ADFI)showed a tendency to increase(P=0.053),and the overall effect was better than that of the group using soybean meal fermented by chicken endogenous Lactobacillus alone.,However,there were no significant differences in the feed conversion ratio(F/G)between the two groups and the control group(P>0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the group fed with soybean meal fermented by compound bacteria significantly increased the abdominal fat rate of broiler chickens(P<0.05),and there was a tendency to increase the bursa of Fabricius index(P=0.059).However,it had no significant effects on the liver index,pancreas index and spleen index(P>0.05).(3)The pH of the ileum contents was decreasing(P=0.081),and the weight/length of the cecum had the tendency to rise(P=0.084).There was no significant effects on the length of the cecum,cecum index,colorectal length,duodenal content pH,or cecal content pH(P>0.05).(4)There was no significant effects on the height of the duodenal villi,the depth of the crypt,or the villi to crypt ratio(P>0.05).(5)The relative expression level of IL-6 mRNA in the cecal mucosa was significantly increased(P<0.05),the relative expression level of IL-10 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and there was a trend of increased relative expression level of IL-8 mRNA(P=0.064).However,the relative expression levels of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-γand TNF-αwere not significantly affected(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Adding 0.5%compound bacteria fermented soybean meal to the feed can significantly increase the average daily weight gain and abdominal fat rate of broilers.It also has the tendency to lower the pH of ileum contents and increase the bursa index of broilers.
作者
荣静
彭啸峰
李耿辉
甘欣雨
杨雪
魏伟群
王丽娜
王松波
江青艳
束刚
RONG Jing;PENG Xiaofeng;LI Genghui;GAN Xinyu;YANG Xue;WEI Weiqun;WANG Lina;WANG Songbo;JIANG Qingyan;SHU Gang(College of Animal Science/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Jiangxi Tianjia Biological Engineering Co.Ltd.,Nanchang 330000,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期465-477,共13页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFD1300400)。
关键词
发酵豆粕
肉鸡
生长性能
免疫器官指数
肠道健康
fermented soybean meal
broiler
growth performance
immune organ index
intestinal health
