摘要
涡轮部件作为航空发动机的核心热端部件,其性能突破是推动航空动力系统代际跃迁的关键。通过构建“需求牵引-技术进化”双维度分析框架,系统回顾了五代涡轮技术的演进历程,揭示了气动、冷却、结构强度、材料工艺技术的协同进化机制。研究指出,涡轮技术发展遵循“需求牵引”与“技术推动”的螺旋式规律:第一代至第四代发动机涡轮通过气动效率优化、冷却技术创新、结构可靠性增长、材料耐温极限提升,支撑发动机推重比、涡轮前温度不断提高;第五代涡轮则面向变循环、多模式需求,聚焦宽工作范围高效设计、变几何调节及陶瓷基复合材料应用。在此基础上,提出了涡轮技术未来发展的八大方向。研究成果为新一代涡轮技术攻关提供了理论框架与决策支持。
As the core hot-section component of aero-engines,turbine technology plays a pivotal role in advancing propulsion system generations.The dual-dimensional framework integrating“demand-pull”and“technology progression”was established to review five generations of turbine development systematically,focusing on the synergistic evolution of aerodynamics,cooling,and structural strength technologies.The research reveals that turbine advancements follow a dual-driven mechanism of“demand-pull”and“technology-push”.From the first to the fourth generation,breakthroughs in high-temperature materials,efficient aerodynamic design,and advanced cooling techniques enabled thrust-to-weight ratio and turbine inlet temperatures improvement.Targeting adaptive cycle engines,the fifth-generation turbines emphasize wide-operability efficiency,variable geometry adjustment,and ceramic matrix composite(CMC)applications.Based on these trends,eight key future development directions were proposed to provide theoretical and engineering guidance for next-generation turbine technology development.
作者
贺进
薛伟鹏
张维涛
黄文周
张克祥
刘存良
王俨剀
HE Jin;XUE Weipeng;ZHANG Weitao;HUANG Wenzhou;ZHANG Kexiang;LIU Cunliang;WANG Yankai(AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment,Chengdu 610500,China;School of Power and Energy,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)
出处
《燃气涡轮试验与研究》
2025年第2期20-32,共13页
Gas Turbine Experiment and Research
关键词
航空发动机
涡轮部件
技术特征
气动效率
冷却技术
结构强度
发展预测
aero-engine
turbine components
technical characteristics
aerodynamic efficiency
cooling techniques
structural strength
development forecast
