摘要
【目的】研究自动灌溉控制系统运行条件下,不同灌溉定额对日光温室小果型西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响,为日光温室小果型西瓜高效节水灌溉策略的确定提供理论依据。【方法】以小果型西瓜品种‘玲珑王’为接穗、白籽南瓜为砧木培育日光温室小果型西瓜嫁接苗,设置CK和T1~T9共10种不同的灌溉定额(对应灌溉定额分别为450,600,750,900,1050,1200,1350,1500,1650和1800 m^(3)/hm^(2))处理,在各处理小果型西瓜的伸蔓期、开花坐果期、膨瓜期、成熟期,分别测定西瓜植株的株高、茎粗、第一雌花节位数和叶片数,收瓜之后测定单瓜质量并计算产量和灌溉水分利用效率,同时测定西瓜的形态指标(果实纵、横径及果形指数)以及品质指标(中心和边际可溶性固形物含量及可溶性总糖、还原糖、可溶性蛋白、总维生素C含量等),分析自动灌溉控制条件下不同灌溉定额对小果型西瓜生长、产量、灌溉水分利用效率和品质的影响。【结果】在自动灌溉控制系统运行条件下,对温室小果型西瓜‘玲珑王’而言,CK处理的灌溉水分利用效率显著高于其他处理,但是过低的产量难以满足农业生产的需要。西瓜株高、叶片数、第一雌花节位数、单瓜质量、产量和形态指标在灌溉定额为1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T9)时表现最好,但是其灌溉水分利用效率过低,水资源浪费较大,且西瓜果实品质表现较差(居于各处理的第8位),难以满足小果型西瓜皮薄味美、品质佳的要求。西瓜的茎粗在灌溉定额为1050 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T4)时表现最好,且其中心可溶性固形物含量及可溶性总糖、还原糖、可溶性蛋白和总维生素C含量等品质指标均分别较CK显著提高4.40%,36.77%,25.66%,94.59%和25.86%;其边际可溶性固形物含量也为最高,达到了10.83%,显著高于T8、T9处理;其产量较CK处理显著增产22.21%,虽低于T8、T9处理,但显著高于CK、T1、T2处理,能在保证高产的同时合理利用水资源,有效促进了节水农业的发展。其他处理在生长、产量和果实品质方面虽较CK有不同程度的增长,但表现整体均不如T4处理。【结论】自动灌溉控制系统运行条件下,温室小果型西瓜的最佳灌溉定额以1050 m^(3)/hm^(2)为宜。
【Objective】This research aimed to study the effects of different irrigation quotas on the growth,yield and quality of small fruit watermelon in solar greenhouse under the operation of automatic irrigation control system,providing theoretical basis for the determination of efficient and water-saving irrigation strategies for small watermelon in solar greenhouses.【Method】With the small fruit watermelon variety‘Linglongwang’as the scion,white seed pumpkin as the stock to cultivate small fruit watermelon grafting seedlings in solar greenhouse,a total of ten treatments of different irrigation quota,namely CK and T1-T9,were set,with irrigation quota of 450,600,750,900,1050,1200,1350,1500,1650,1800 m^(3)/hm^(2),respectively.The plant height,stem diameter,place of the first female flower,and number of lea-ves of watermelon were measured at the elongation stage,flowering and fruiting stage,swelling stage and maturity stage.After harvesting,the quality of individual melons were measured and the yield and irrigation water use efficiency were determined.At the same time,morphological indicators(fruit longitudinal and transverse diameter,and fruit shape index)and quality indicators(central and marginal soluble solid content,soluble total sugar,reducing sugar,soluble protein,total vitamin C content,etc.)of watermelons were measured,to analyze the effects of different irrigation quotas on the growth,yield,irrigation water use efficiency,and quality of small fruit watermelons under automatic irrigation control conditions.【Result】Under the operation of the automatic irrigation control system,Iwue was significantly higher in CK treatment than in other treatments for greenhouse small fruit watermelon‘Linglongwang’,but the yield was too low to meet the needs of agricultural production.The best watermelon plant height,number of leaves,number of first female flower nodes,single melon quality,yield,and morphological indicators were observed at an irrigation quota of 1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T9).However,its irrigation water use efficiency was too low,resulting in a significant water resource,and the quality of watermelon fruit was poor(ranking the 8th among all treatments),making it difficult to meet the requirements of thin skin,delicious taste,and good quality for small fruit watermelon.The best stem diameter of watermelon was observed at the irrigation quota of 1050 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T4),and its central soluble solid content,soluble total sugar,reducing sugar,soluble protein and total vitamin C were significantly higher than CK by 4.40%,36.77%,25.66%,94.59%and 25.86%respectively compared with CK.The marginal soluble solid content was also the highest,rea-ching 10.83%,which was significantly higher than T8 and T9 treatments.Although its yield was lower than T8 and T9 treatments,it was also significantly higher than CK,T1,T2 treatment,increased by 22.21%compared with CK treatment,which can ensure the high yield and rational utilization of water resource,and effectively promote the development of water-saving agriculture.Increase of different degrees in growth,yield and fruit quality was observed in other treatments,but the overall performance was inferior to T4 treatment.【Conclusion】Under the operation of the automatic irrigation control system,the optimal irrigation quota for greenhouse small fruit watermelon was 1050 m^(3)/hm^(2).
作者
崔健
杨小振
王中元
李好
魏春华
马建祥
张勇
张显
CUI Jian;YANG Xiaozhen;WANG Zhongyuan;LI Hao;WEI Chunhua;MA Jianxiang;ZHANG Yong;ZHANG Xian(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Xi’an Agriculture Technology Extension Centre,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710000,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期44-55,共12页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLNY03-03)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-25)
西安市科技计划项目(22NYYF027)。
关键词
小果型西瓜
日光温室
自动灌溉系统
灌溉定额
small fruit watermelon
solar greenhouse
automatic irrigation system
irrigation quota
