摘要
提出了一种基于Ti_(3)C_(2)-Mxene材料增敏表面等离子体共振(SPR)效应的无芯光纤(CLF)传感器。该传感器是由两根多模光纤(MMF)中间熔接一段长度为10 mm的CLF制成。先将单层Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene涂覆于无芯光纤表面,再将金膜固定于光纤表面构成无芯光纤SPR传感器,然后在金膜表面多次涂覆单层Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene,以增强传感器的SPR效应,实现其对外部折射率变化的增敏效果。理论分析了Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene增敏无芯光纤SPR折射率灵敏度的原理及结构参数对其特性的影响,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,在1.3330~1.3660的折射率范围内,由于Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene的增敏作用,无芯光纤SPR传感器的折射率灵敏度从2326.42 nm/RIU增加到4361.04 nm/RIU,提升了约87.5%,与理论仿真结果吻合度较高。所提出的Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene增敏无芯光纤SPR折射率传感器具有灵敏度高、结构简单、性能稳定及易于制作等优势,在生物传感领域中具有良好的应用前景。
Objective Optical fiber surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors combine the advantages of optical fiber technology and SPR effect,offering small size,high sensitivity,fast response,and anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities.These features make them widely studied in biological sensing,chemical sensing,and environmental monitoring.However,when applied to biomolecular detection,further enhancement in refractive index sensitivity is still required.With advances in materials science,various two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials,such as graphene and black phosphorus,have been increasingly used to improve the performance of biosensors.MXene,a relatively new member of the 2D nanomaterials family,is expressed as M^(n+1)X_(n)T_(x)(n=1-4),where“M”is a transition metal,“X”is C or N,and“T”represents surface terminations such as—O,—F,or—OH groups.Due to its excellent optical response,tunable band gap,and electronic properties,MXene holds promise for enhancing the performance of coreless optical fiber SPR sensors.In this paper,we focus on leveraging Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene to improve refractive index sensitivity,making the sensors more suitable for applications requiring high sensitivity,such as biological sensing.Methods The proposed sensor adopts a multimode-coreless-multimode(MCM)fiber structure.Using COMSOL software,simulations are conducted to optimize the gold film thickness,coreless fiber length,and Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene layer thickness.The simulation results reveal the optimal parameters:a 10 mm coreless fiber length,a 50 nm thick gold film sputtered on the fiber surface,and three layers of Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene coating.The fabrication process involves attaching a negligible-thickness Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene layer to the coreless fiber to fix the gold film,sputtering a thin gold layer to excite the SPR effect,and subsequently applying the Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene coating to further enhance the SPR effect.The refractive index sensitivity is assessed by immersing the sensor in NaCl solutions with varying refractive indexes and recording the corresponding resonance wavelength.Results and Discussions The surface morphology of the gold film and Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene coatings is characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM,ZEISS SIGMA HD)(Fig.5).Energy spectrum analysis confirms the effective fixation of Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene on the sensor surface(Fig.6).The experimental results demonstrate that introducing Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene significantly enhances the sensor’s refractive index sensitivity.Without the MXene layer,the refractive index sensitivity is 2326.42 nm/RIU within the refractive index range of 1.3330 to 1.3660.After applying three layers of Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene,the sensitivity increases to 4361.04 nm/RIU,representing an 87.5%improvement.A comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions shows high consistency,validating the sensor’s performance.However,the study also highlights that while the MXene layer improves sensitivity,it broadens spectral bandwidth,reducing the sensor’s quality factor.Table 1 compares the performance of the proposed MCM fiber SPR sensor with other fiber-based SPR sensors,showing that the Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene and MMF-CLF-MMF combination achieves superior sensitivity(4361.04 nm/RIU)and an enhancement(87.5%)exceeding other designs.In addition,the MCM fiber structure avoids mechanical strength reduction associated with grinding sensors into D-shapes or etching their cladding.Conclusions In this paper,we propose an MCM fiber SPR sensor utilizing the sensitization effects of Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene.The principle of refractive index sensing and the influence of structural parameters are analyzed through simulations and experiments.The optimal sensor parameters are determined as a 50 nm gold film,10 mm CLF fiber length,and three layers of Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene.The experimental results indicate that within the refractive index range of 1.3330-1.3660,the refractive index sensitivity of the sensor increases from 2326.42 to 4361.04 nm/RIU,an 87.5%improvement compared to that of the MCM fiber SPR sensor without Ti_(3)C_(2)-MXene.The proposed MCM fiber SPR sensor offers a simple structure,low fabrication difficulty,reduced cost,and high sensitivity,making it promising for biological detection applications.
作者
陈越
罗彬彬
黄瑶
刘妍
石胜辉
赵明富
袁佩灵
吴胜昔
Chen Yue;Luo Binbin;Huang Yao;Liu Yan;Shi Shenghui;Zhao Mingfu;Yuan Peiling;Wu Shengxi(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China)
出处
《光学学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期126-135,共10页
Acta Optica Sinica
基金
重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0008)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJZD-K202201106)
重庆理工大学重大科研项目同步开展基础及应用基础项目(2024TBZ027)
重庆理工大大学创新团队(2023TDZ002)
重庆理工大学研究生创新项目(GZLCX20243128,GZLCX20243221)。
