摘要
详细总结了高逼真3D光场显示的关键技术及其基本原理,包括光场显示系统构建、光场显示控光技术和光场显示图像编码等,并详细阐述了它们在3D光场显示技术中的作用。为使高逼真3D光场显示技术真正地得到推广应用,必须全面考虑各种因素,包括完善显示系统的构建、控光技术的优化和编码技术的改进。希望该综述能够为3D光场显示技术的研究和发展提供有益参考。
Significance Three-dimensional light field display technology marks a major leap forward in display technology and is of great significance.As technology advances,traditional 2D displays have reached their limits in conveying visual information and fall short of providing the depth and spatial perception that people desire.As a result,three-dimensional light field display technology has emerged to simulate the distribution of light rays in real 3D scenes,delivering a seamless and lifelike stereoscopic visual experience.Three-dimensional light field display technology can reproduce perspectives and details similar to those in the real world,which overcomes the limitations of 2D displays that cannot convey depth information and greatly enhances user immersion.This technology not only improves the realism of images but also enables free-viewpoint stereoscopic displays,allowing users to experience a more intuitive and immersive environment.Additionally,it has broad application potential in fields such as medicine,education,and industrial design.For example,it can assist doctors with more precise preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation,and help engineers with virtual prototype testing during design and modeling processes,thus enhancing work efficiency and outcomes.Despite facing challenges such as high cost and technical complexity,three-dimensional light field display technology is expected to achieve greater precision and broader applications in the future with ongoing advancements.This will push display technology to new dimensions and offer users a more realistic and immersive visual experience.Progress There are many forms of high-quality three-dimensional light field displays,including those based on cylindrical lens arrays,microlens arrays,diffraction gratings,and optical waveguide elements.In 2018,Liu et al.at Zhejiang University proposed a large-scale,multi-projector 360°light field 3D display system,using 360 projectors to achieve a display area of 1.8 m×2.78 m with a rendering rate of 30 frame/s or higher.In the same year,Wang’s team at the Beijing Institute of Technology introduced an optical scheme employing discrete lens arrays to create an optical perspective neareye light field display,as shown in Fig.11(a).Experimental results indicate that this method can achieve corrected depth perception of virtual information in augmented reality applications.In 2019,Liu et al.from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications demonstrated a time-multiplexed light field display with a 120°wide viewing angle,using three sets of directional backlighting and fast-switching liquid crystal display panels.This system achieved a 120°viewing angle,192 viewpoints,and a 30 cm display depth.In 2021,Xing et al.from Sichuan University presented a desktop integrated imaging 3D display system based on ring-shaped point light sources.This system can display 3D images to multiple viewers from an inclined angle within a standard ring-shaped viewing area.In the same year,Liu et al.from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications proposed an optical scheme based on directional diffusion films and trapezoidal composite grating lens units.This technology strengthens viewpoint utilization while expanding the viewing angle,presenting natural 3D images with accurate depth perception and occlusion relationships within a 65°viewing range and 30 cm display depth.In 2024,Yu et al.from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications introduced the concept of beam divergence angle to analyze the display depth of three-dimensional light field display systems.In the same year,Deng et al.from Sichuan University proposed a dual-mode optical perspective integrated imaging display system that can simultaneously reconstruct 3D images in both real and virtual display modes,which greatly extends the depth of field for 3D images,as shown in Fig.15(a).Conclusions and Prospects As carriers of visual information,display devices play an indispensable role in our daily lives.As the most promising new generation of naked-eye 3D display technology,3D light field display technology has become an ideal choice due to its features,such as accurate depth cues,the ability to allow multiple people to view simultaneously,and high-quality display effects.Therefore,achieving high-fidelity 3D light field display is a key challenge for making significant progress in the market.In summary,the key technologies of high-fidelity 3D light field display need to be explored in greater detail to promote the application and development of light field display technology.
作者
李涵宇
于迅博
高鑫
桑新柱
颜玢玢
Li Hanyu;Yu Xunbo;Gao Xin;Sang Xinzhu;Yan Binbin(School of Electronic Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)
出处
《光学学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期68-86,共19页
Acta Optica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3611500)
国家自然科学基金(62335002,62175015)。
关键词
显示技术
光场系统构建
精准控光
图像编码
display technology
light field system construction
precise light control
image encoding
