摘要
黑格尔在《逻辑学》的“概念论”中讨论“判断”,“下判断”就是“规定概念”,而“概念”是规定什么呢?黑格尔强调了“概念”是“生命的原则”,体现了一种实体之生命的自身造化的形式,是把实体自身内在所隐含、所潜伏着的“内容”在实现自身的过程中都展现出来,因而概念的运动就是自身实体生命的“实现”,因而“概念”也是“自由的原则”。在这样的实体形而上学视野下,“下判断”这种主观的思维形式,所表达的就是主观的“识见”,而是与生命自由实现的“环节”相关,因而有其“客观性”。但不同的生命实现之“环节”作为自由生命的实现进程中呈现出来的“状态”,使得“判断”有的是“价值判断”或“道德判断”,侧重于鉴于生命之自由理念之“应然”,有的判断鉴于生命实现之“环节”的“实然”。但这篇短论的重点却不是讨论黑格尔的判断理论,而是从黑格尔的判断论引出了对“元伦理”中“道德错论”的讨论,尤其是讨论了其中的“道德投射主义”。因而,这篇短论至少让人感受到,对元伦理学中的“道德投射主义”,如果从黑格尔主义的判断理论因而是从形而上学的生命原则和自由原则出发,会作出何种回应。
Hegel discusses“judgment”in the“Concept Theory”of“Logic”,“make a judgment”is to“define a concept”,and what does“concept”prescribe?Hegel emphasized that“concept”is the“principle of life”,reflecting a form of the self⁃creation of the entity's life,showing all the“content”hidden and latent in the entity itself in the process of realizing itself.Therefore,the movement of the concept is the“realization”of the life of the entity itself,and therefore the“concept”is also the“principle of freedom”.In such a metaphysical perspective of entity,the subjective thinking form of“sub⁃judgment”expresses subjective“knowledge”and is related to the“link”of the realization of life freedom,so it has its“objectivity”.However,the different“links”of life realization as the“states”presented in the process of the realization of free life make some judgments“value judgments”or“moral judgments”,focusing on judging“according to the freedom concept”of life,and some judgments judge according to the“actual”of the realization of life.But the focus of this short essay is not to discuss Hegel's theory of judgment,but to lead to the discussion of“moral error theory”in“metaethics”from Hegel's theory of judgment,especially the discussion of“moral projectionism”.Therefore,at least this short essay makes people feel that,if we start from Hegel's theory of judgment and thus from the metaphysical principles of life and freedom,what kind of response will be made to the“moral projectionism”in metaethics.
出处
《伦理学术》
2024年第1期212-218,共7页
Academia Ethica
关键词
道德判断
生命原则
道德错误论
道德投射主义
Moral Judgment
Principle of Life
Moral Error Theory
Moral Projectionism
