摘要
就诞生路径来说,文明可分成原生型、次生型和派生型等五种。世界历史上先后出现了文明兴起的四波浪潮。第一波浪潮以公元前3500年至前2000年间出现的亚非文明古国及美洲文明绽现为标志,这些文明都是原生型文明和农业文明。第二波浪潮形成于公元前1500年至前500年的西亚和地中海地区,一批独立的次生型文明涌现,它们受到了上古原生型文明较大影响,是仿效型的。第三波浪潮出现于公元500年至1000年的中古时代,众多独立的次生型文明诞生。其中日耳曼文明、阿拉伯—伊斯兰文明、斯拉夫文明影响深远。它们都有游牧族背景,都是征服者文明,信奉一神宗教。第四波浪潮出现于18世纪至20世纪。一方面是欧洲文明在扩张中派生出若干不同类型的子文明;另一方面是在对西方文明扩张的反冲中,亚洲传统文明走向复兴之路,非洲则形成新的文明认同,它们也吸收了多元文明因素。文明自身若静止、封闭、固化,终究逃脱不了衰亡命运,这是世界历史留给我们的教训。
In terms of birth way,civilization can be divided into primary type,secondary type and derived type.In the history of the world,there have appeared four waves of civilization.The first wave occurred in Asia,Africa and the Americas from 3500BC to 2000 BC.These civilizations were all primary and agricultural civilizations.The second wave appeared in West Asia and the Medi-terranean region from1500BCto 500 BC.A number of secondary civilizations e-merged,which were greatly influenced by the ancient primitive civilization and were imitative.The third wave appeared in the medieval period from 500 to 1000 AD,when many independent secondary civilizations were born,among which the Germaniccivilization,Arab-Islamic civilization,Slavic civilization had profound influences on later world.They all had nomadic backgrounds,were conqueror civilizations and believed in monotheistic religion.The fourth wave was formed from the 18th to 20th centuries.On the one hand,it was the expansion of Euro-pean civilization,which derived a number of different types of sub-civilizations;on the other hand,in the counterattack to the expansion of western civilization,the traditional Asian civilization is on the road of revival and Africa formed a new civilization identity.As a rule,if a civilization is static,closed and solidified,it cannot escape the fate of decline and death.This is a lesson left by world history.
出处
《全球史评论》
2024年第1期25-40,337,共17页
Global History Review
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“世界历史上主要文明之间的比较、互动与互鉴研究”(项目编号:22&ZD249)阶段性成果
关键词
世界历史
文明兴起
原生型文明
次生型文明
派生型文明
world history
waves of civilization
native civilization
sec-ondary civilization
derived civilization
