摘要
Ultralight vector particles can form evolving condensates around a Kerr black hole(BH)due to superradiant instability.We study the effect of near-horizon reflection on the evolution of this system:by matching three pieces of asymptotic expansions of the Proca equation in Kerr metric and considering the leading order in the electric mode,we present explicit analytical expressions for the corrected spectrum and the superradiant instability rates.Particularly,in high-spin BH cases,we identify an anomalous situation where the superradiance rate is temporarily increased by the reflection parameter R,which also occurs in the scalar scenario,but is largely magnified in vector condensates due to a faster growth rate in dominant mode.We point out that the condition for the growth anomaly in the adiabatic case is that information carried per particle exceeds a certain value δ1/δN>2πκ_(B)√(1+R)/(1-R).We further construct several featured quantities to illustrate it,and formalize the anomalyinduced gravitational wave strain deformation.
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12147163,and 12175099)
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12075136)
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247128)
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975072,11835009,and 12473001)
supported by Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent
the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2020MA094)
the National SKA Program of China(Grant Nos.2022SKA0110200,and 2022SKA0110203)
the 111 Project(Grant No.B16009)。
