摘要
目的通过流行病学现况调查,了解榆林市某县艾滋病流行现状,为制定有效的防控措施提供依据。方法对榆林市某县2018—2020年通过国家疾病预防控制信息系统报告的现住址为当地的HIV/AIDS病例进行面对面流行病学调查,并对基层医务人员、城乡居民进行艾滋病防治知识知晓率、医务人员随访态度调查。采用占比对分类变量进行描述,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果榆林市某县HIV/AIDS病例以男性、50岁及以上人群为主,文化程度以初中及以下人群为主(83.84%),职业分布以农民及民工为主(67.68%),配偶感染HIV的比例为40.63%;HIV感染以本地传播为主,嫖客、男男性行为者居多,性接触史以非婚商业/非商业性行为为主,且安全套使用率极低;病例发现以被动发现为主,主动发现病例的占比较小;HIV/AIDS病例抗病毒治疗疗效较好;基层医务人员及城乡居民艾滋病知识知晓率均较低,培训前后医务人员艾滋病知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.720,P<0.05)。结论榆林市某县人群艾滋病知识知晓率较低、防护意识差、HIV/AIDS病例发现渠道有限、未能做到早发现、早治疗,使HIV在县区、家庭内不断扩散并造成快速传播。进一步做好艾滋病防治知识高质量宣传教育、综合干预,治疗关怀和检测筛查工作是控制艾滋病高发的重要防控策略。
Objective To understand the current AIDS epidemic in a county of Yulin City through an epidemiological status quo investigation and provide a foundation for formulating effective prevention and control measures.Methods A face-to-face epidemiological survey was conducted on HIV/AIDS cases with a local current address reported in a county of Yulin City from 2018 to 2020 via the national disease prevention and control information system.The survey also examined the rate of awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge among medical personnel and urban and rural residents,as well as the attitudes of medical professionals regarding follow-up visits.Percentages were used to describe categorical variables,and the Chi-square test was employed for rate comparisons.Results The majority of HIV/AIDS cases were male and aged 50 years and above in a county of Yulin City.The culturd level was mainly among the population with junior high school and below(83.84%).The predominant occupations were farming and migrant labor(67.68%).The percentage of spouses infected with HIV was 40.63%.Local transmission was the primary mode of HIV spread,with the majority of infections occurring among commercial sex workers and men who have sex with men.Sexual contact was mainly through non-marital commercial or non-commercial sexual behaviors,with a very low rate of condom use.Most HIV/AIDS cases were detected passively,with smaller percentage of active case discovery being relatively rare.The efficacy of antiviral treatment outcomes for HIV/AIDS patients were generally favorable.However,both medical staff and urban and rural residents had low levels of the rate of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge.The difference in rates of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge among medical personnel before and after the training was statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.720,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge in population of a county of Yulin City is lower,with a poor sense of protection and limited detection channels of HIV/AIDS cases,failure to achieve early detection and treatment,which has led to the spread of HIV within counties districts and households.Further improvement of quality publicity and education on AIDS prevention and treatment,comprehensive intervention,treatment and care,and testing and screening are important prevention and control strategies to control the high incidence of AIDS.
作者
赵蓉
史伟
翟飞飞
李锐
雷晓艳
白婷
赵保钟
钟瑞
ZHAO Rong;SHI Wei;ZHAI Feifei;LI Rui;LEI Xiaoyan;BAI Ting;ZHAO Baozhong;ZHONG Rui(STD and AIDS Prevention and Control Section,Yulin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2025年第4期345-349,共5页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2020JM-700)。
