摘要
外来入侵植物的迅速扩展正威胁着海岛森林群落的生物多样性和群落稳定性.对平潭岛台湾相思林、桉树林和木麻黄林3种林分林下草本层展开样方调查,运用单因素方差分析、非度量多维标度分析方法分析不同林下草本层外来入侵植物多样性和物种组成差异,并利用典范对应分析、Mantel检验分析探究影响林下草本层外来入侵植物分布的主要因子.平潭岛台湾相思林、桉树林和木麻黄林林下草本层分别记录到外来入侵植物26、22、27种,3种林分林下草本层共有外来入侵植物21科33属36种.同一林分类型下,外来入侵植物ɑ多样性指数和盖度随着距道路距离的增加而下降,并在距道路14m之后无显著差异(P>0.05).同一道路距离下,在距离道路2 m、4 m、9 m处,木麻黄林下外来入侵植物ɑ多样性指数和盖度显著高于台湾相思林和桉树林(P<0.05).3种林分林下草本层外来入植物物种组成相似度极高,无明显差异.RDA分析结果表明土壤全钾、土壤全磷、速效钾、本地草本植物Shannon-Wiener指数、土壤酸碱度、道路宽度、距居民点最近距离、灌木盖度和距道路距离是显著影响外来入侵植物在3种林分下分布的因子.Mantel检验表明不同外来入侵物种对环境因子的响应有差异.上述结果表明,平潭林下草本层外来入侵植物由道路向林子内部扩散,且距道路越近外来入侵植物多样性越高,外来入侵植物的扩散分布受人为活动影响大;相对而言,木麻黄林林下草本层对外来入侵物种的抵抗力较差,需要重点防范.(图5表2参48)
The rapid spread of alien invasive plants threatens the biodiversity and stability of island forest communities.To explore the distribution characteristics,differences,and inffuencing factors of alien invasive plants in different forest stands on Pingtan Island,this study investigated the herb layers of Acacia confusa,Eucalyptus,and Casuarina equisetifolia in Pingtan Island.The diversity and species composition of alien invasive herbs in different forests were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and the main factors affecting the distribution of alien invasive plants in different forests were explored using redundancy analysis and the Mantel test.The results showed that 26,22,and 27 alien invasive plant species were recorded in the understory herbaceous layer of Acacia confusa,Eucalyptus,and Casuarina equisetifolia forests on Pingtan Island,respectively.In total,36 species of alien invasive plants were identified,belonging to 33 genera and 21 families.Under the same forest type,theɑdiversity index and coverage of alien invasive plants decreased with increasing road distance,with no signiffcant differences observed further than 14 m(P>0.05).At 2,4,and 9 m away from the road,theɑdiversity index and coverage of alien invasive plants under Casuarina equisetifolia forest were signiffcantly higher than those of Acacia confusa forest and Eucalyptus robusta forest(P<0.05).There were no signiffcant differences in the species composition of the alien invasive herbaceous plants in the understory herbaceous layer of the three forest stands.The RDA results showed that soil total potassium,soil total phosphorus,available potassium,Shannon-Wiener index of local herbaceous plants,soil pH,road width,nearest distance to residential area,shrub coverage,and distance to road were signiffcant factors affecting the distribution of alien invasive plants in the three forest stands.The Mantel test showed that the responses of different invasive alien species to environmental factors differed.Overall,the results showed that the alien invasive plants in the herb layer of Pingtan forests diffuse from the road to the interior of the forest and the closer to the road,the higher the diversity of alien invasive plants.The diffusion and distribution of invasive alien plants are signiffcantly affected by human activities.As the understory herbaceous layer of Casuarina equisetifolia forest has poor resistance to alien invasive species,prevention should be the focus.
作者
王春晓
钱志军
黄运腾
毛玥
钟址非
曹晟烜
王生生
王迎雪
邓传远
WANG Chunxiao;QIAN Zhijun;HUANG Yunteng;MAO Yue;ZHONG Zhifei;CAO Shengxuan;WANG Shengsheng;WANG Yingxue;DENG Chuanyuan(College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期12-22,共11页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201505009)
撂荒沙地适生物种引种研究与应用示范技术项目(115/KH230123A)资助。
关键词
入侵植物
林分
物种多样性
环境因子
alien invasive plant
stand
species diversity
environmental factor
