摘要
针对坚硬顶板特厚冲击煤层难以实现源头消冲和高效开采的难题,首先开发了坚硬顶板特厚冲击煤层安全开采保障技术,为智能放煤高效开采创造了有利环境;在此基础上攻克智能放煤技术瓶颈,形成了坚硬顶板特厚冲击煤层智能高效开采技术,具体研究过程如下:在坚硬顶板特厚冲击煤层安全开采保障技术方面,采用Timoshenko梁理论建立了坚硬顶板周期破断弹性能集聚模型,分析了不同单轴抗拉强度下顶板能量密度分布规律,揭示了基于地面预制人工缝网的坚硬顶板特厚冲击煤层超前消冲机理,据此开发了地面水平井压裂技术和地面液体炸药爆破技术,形成了基于地面预制人工缝网的超前消冲技术;采用Reissner中厚板理论建立了坚硬顶板切顶前后的初次破断力学模型,分析了人工定向裂缝对顶板弹性能密度和煤体静载增量的影响规律,揭示了基于井下人工定向造缝的坚硬顶板特厚冲击煤层超前消冲机理,发明了复合爆破定向造缝技术,形成了基于井下人工造缝的超前消冲技术。在坚硬顶板特厚冲击煤层智能高效开采技术方面,发明了顶煤厚度雷达在线探测技术、基于近红外光谱的煤矸识别技术、基于振动特征辨识的煤矸识别技术、基于音频的煤矸识别技术和基于激光三维扫描的放煤量实时监测技术,形成了特厚煤层智能感知与识别技术;建立了智能综放工作面“人-机-环”多源信息数据库,开发了特厚煤层综放工作面采放协调决策模型,发明了智能放煤模式与工艺智能决策技术,形成了智能放煤模式与工艺智能决策技术;开发了智能综放工作面三机位姿高精度惯导检测与控制技术,建成了智能综放远程通信及综合控制平台,形成了特厚煤层远程放顶煤智能控制技术。基于以上研究得出:①当抗拉强度分别为0.76、1.57、2.68、3.95和5.68 MPa时,坚硬顶板对应的弹性能密度峰值分别为6.5、25.4、71.6、168.2和340.1 kJ/m,弹性能密度峰值U_(max)^(e)与坚硬顶板抗拉强度σ_(0)呈现二次函数关系,具体关系为U_(max)^(e)=10.715σ_(0)^(2)-0.718σ_(0)。②定向人工裂缝改变的坚硬顶板的边界条件,以兖矿能源集团103_(上)02工作面为例,理论上人工缝网使得工作面砂岩层的初次破断步距从250 m减小为123 m。③基于地面预制人工缝网的超前消冲机理:大量人工缝网在岩层中形成结构弱面,有效降低了坚硬顶板弹性能集聚量,削弱顶板破断产生的矿震强度,从而控制了工作面及巷道内的冲击地压;基于井下人工定向裂缝的超前消除机理:定向裂缝能降低甚至消除坚硬顶板在巷道附近的弹性能,同时减小切顶侧的静载增量,从而控制了巷道内的冲击地压。
To address the challenges of source-based rock burst elimination and efficient mining in ultra-thick coal seams prone to rock bursts due to hard roofs,a safety assurance technology was developed to create a favorable environment for intelligent and efficient coal caving.Building on this foundation,breakthroughs in intelligent caving technologies were achieved,resulting in the development of an intelligent top-caving mining system for ultra-thick coal seams with hard roofs.The research process includes the following:For safety assurance in mining ultra-thick coal seams with hard roofs,the Timoshenko beam theory was applied to establish an elastic energy accumulation model for the periodic breakage of hard roofs.This enabled the analysis of energy density distributions under different uniaxial tensile strengths and revealed the advanced rock burst elimination mechanism based on pre-fabricated artificial fracture networks from ground.Accordingly,horizontal well fracturing and liquid explosive blasting techniques were developed,forming ground-based advanced rock burst elimination technology.Furthermore,using Reissner’s thick-plate theory,mechanical models for roof behavior before and after directional fracturing were constructed.These models analyzed the effects of artificial directional fractures on roof elastic energy density and coal static load increments,uncovering the rock burst elimination mechanism of underground artificial directional fractures.Then,a directional composite blasting technology was invented,leading to underground-based advanced rock burst elimination technology.In intelligent mining,several innovations were introduced,including radar-based coal thickness detection,near-infrared spectroscopy for coal-rock identification,vibration and audiobased coal-rock identification,and laser 3D scanning for real-time coal extraction monitoring.These developments formed an intelligent perception and identification technology for top-caving working faces with ultra-thick coal seams.A multisource information database for intelligent top-caving longwall panels integrating human,machine,and environmental data was established,along with coordinated mining and caving decision-making models and intelligent decision-making technologies for caving processes.High-precision inertial navigation for equipment positioning and a remote communication and control platform were developed,enabling remote intelligent control for top coal caving.Key findings include:①For tensile strengths of 0.76,1.57,2.68,3.95 and 5.68 MPa,the corresponding peak elastic energy densities of hard roofs were 6.5,25.4,71.6,168.2 and 340.1 kJ/m,respectively,with a quadratic relationship between peak elastic energy density(U_(max)^(e))and tensile strength(σ_(0)):U_(max)^(e)=10.715σ_(0)^(2)-0.7182σ_(0).②Artificial fracture networks altered the boundary conditions of hard roofs.For instance,theoretical calculations for the 103_(up)02 workface of Yanzhou Coal Mining Group showed that artificial fracture networks reduced the first breakage distance of the sandstone layer from 250 m to 123 m.③For rock burst elimination mechanism by ground-based artificial fracture networks,numerous fractures created structural weak surfaces in the strata,reducing the elastic energy accumulation in hard roofs and weakening seismic intensity caused by roof ruptures,thereby mitigating rock bursts in workfaces and roadways.For rock burst elimination mechanism by underground artificial directional fractures,directional cracks reduced or eliminated elastic energy near roadways,decreasing the static load increment on the roof-cutting side and effectively controlling rock bursts within roadways.
作者
于斌
孟祥斌
邰阳
尚子榆
彭明贤
匡铁军
郭飞龙
李东印
王世博
YU Bin;MENG Xiangbin;TAI Yang;SHANG Ziyu;PENG Mingxian;KUANG Tiejun;GUO Feilong;LI Dongyin;WANG Shibo(State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;Research and Development Centre,Jinneng Group Co.,Ltd.,Datong 037000,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Mechanial and Electrical Engineenng,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期245-263,共19页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室自主面上资助项目(2011DA105287-MS202209)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52204127)。
关键词
坚硬顶板
冲击地压
智能识别与控制
源头消冲
地面压裂
hard-thick roof
rock burst
intelligent recognition and control
eliminating rock burst at the source
ground pressure fracturing
