摘要
父母出资已婚子女房产问题之棘手,表面上看肇因于双方特殊的身份关系导致的事实认定困难,其实质却在于父母和子代夫妻两代人的利益发生了剧烈的冲突。《婚姻家庭编解释(一)》第29条对父母出资性质不加甄别地笼统规定与全有全无的出资归属结果导致实践裁判出现分歧,对此,应当予以系统性反思。在父母出资行为无明示意思表示时,不应径直适用《婚姻家庭编解释(一)》第29条第2款的规定,而是应结合父母的子女数量、家庭经济情况、购房目的等客观事实,谨慎认定赠与关系。如父母出资被认定为赠与,当作为赠与合同基础的婚姻关系结束后,且维持赠与合同对出资父母方明显不公平时,应当允许出资父母方依据情势变更原则请求子女之配偶方返还出资。在对老年人权益保障的同时,依据婚姻存续时长、子女之配偶对家庭的付出,由法院对赠与合同进行调整,使受赠的配偶一方仍能保留部分赠与款,以平衡其利益。此外,离婚子女配偶对赠与物的返还范围仅限于现存利益,出资款婚后增值部分夫妻共有,以解决配偶一方在离婚时可能存在的利益失衡问题。
Parents providing financial help for their married child to buy houses is a universal phenomenon in China.However,the legal relations and the asset destination of parents'payment have raised a lot of disputes and proceedings over the years.The problem is intractable,not only because of the absence of agreement about legal attribution,which is quite common in fund transfer in family,but also because of the tense interest conflict between funding parents and child's spouse.Article 29 of Interpretation(I)of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the"Marriage and Family"Book of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China identifies the legal relations of parents'financial help as donation,but is too general to deal with the complex actual situation,and caused enormous divergence in judicial practice.Thus,a systematic reflection is required.During the interpretation of parents'funding act,factors such as whether the child is the only child,the intimacy level between parents and the child,the economic situation of parents and their child,should be taken into consideration.When the marriage relationship on which the bestowal contract is based ends and the maintenance of the bestowal contract is clearly unfair to the contributing parents,the contributing parents shall be allowed to request the return of the contribution.While protecting the rights and interests of the elderly,the court should adjust the gift contract according to the duration of the marriage and the contribution of the spouse to the children and to the family,so that the recipient spouse can still retain part of the gift money to balance the interests of the spouse.In addition,the scope of return of parents'bestowal by children's spouses is limited to existing interests.Other protection of the rights and interests of the spouse can be realized by making the increased portion of the capital contribution of the real estate marital joint property and can be shared by the child's spouse.
作者
马忆南
杨皖湘
MA Yi'nan;YANG Wanxiang
出处
《中华女子学院学报》
2025年第2期5-16,共12页
Journal of China Women's University
关键词
父母赠与
夫妻共同财产
情势变更
意思表示解释
parental bestowal property
marital joint property
rebus sic stantibus,interpretation of declaration of will
