摘要
乡村公益性岗位约占脱贫人口务工规模的13.4%,是农村就业困难群体实现就业的重要途径。本文聚焦目前缺少实证研究的乡村公益性岗位瞄准性问题,结合各地相关规定中的安置条件与中西部地区调查数据,使用PDS LASSO和Probit模型建立控制函数法两阶段模型进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)乡村公益性岗位对大龄、弱劳力、脱贫人口和监测对象、无法离乡农户瞄准有效,但对收入较低、残疾农户瞄准不足;(2)服务类岗位对农村就业困难群体瞄准更好,生态类岗位则门槛较高;(3)西部地区对弱劳力的瞄准比中部更好,中西部主要岗位类别的不同无法完全解释这种差异;(4)乡村公益性岗位未表现出对村庄精英的排斥,需警惕经济精英和体制精英对岗位资源的侵占。
Rural public welfare jobs account for 13.4%of the employment scale among poverty-alleviated populations,serving as a crucial path for the rural disadvantaged groups to secure employment.This paper focuses on the targeting problems of rural public welfare jobs,which lacks empirical research at present.It integrates placement conditions stipulated in local regulations across regions along with survey data from central and western areas,uses a two-stage model using PDS LASSO and Probit models within a control function approach for empirical analysis.The study reveals that rural public welfare jobs effectively target older individuals,weaker laborers,poverty-alleviated populations and households under anti-poverty monitoring,and farmers unable to leave their villages,while they inadequately target low-income and disabled farmers.Furthermore,service-oriented positions demonstrates better targeting towards rural employment disadvantaged groups,while ecological-type positions have higher entry barriers.Rural public welfare jobs in the western regions demonstrates a more targeted approach towards weaker laborers compared to the central regions,and the discrepancies in the primary categories of positions between these areas do not fully account for this difference.Moreover,rural public welfare jobs do not appear to exclude village elites,highlighting a need for vigilance against the encroachment by economic and institutional elites on these positions.
作者
何禄康
张莉琴
HE Lukang;ZHANG Liqin
出处
《农村经济》
北大核心
2025年第1期108-119,共12页
Rural Economy
关键词
乡村公益性岗位
瞄准
控制函数法
精英俘获
Rural Public Welfare Jobs
Targeting
Control Function Approach
Elite Capture
