摘要
选择种植于河北省迁西县的我国5个栽培区的不同基因型板栗(‘燕山早丰’‘京暑红’‘灰拣’‘罗田乌壳栗’和‘荔波早栗’)为试验材料,对比研究其叶片表型形态、解剖结构特征、光合生理特性以及果实产量品质性状,并进行叶片功能性状与果实产量品质的关联分析,以期筛选与板栗果实产量品质关联的关键叶片功能性状指标。结果表明,不同基因型板栗的叶片功能性状和果实产量品质指标间存在较大差异。在叶片表型形态中,‘燕山早丰’的干物质含量最大(0.51 g/g),‘罗田乌壳栗’干物质含量最小(0.34 g/g);在叶片解剖结构中,不同基因型板栗的叶片厚度差异显著,‘京暑红’的叶片厚度最大(202.71μm),‘罗田乌壳栗’最小(175.52μm);在光合特性方面,‘燕山早丰’的净光合速率(18.50μmol/mmol)、气孔导度(0.34 mol/(m^(2)·s))、蒸腾速率(6.28 mmol/(m^(2)·s))均显著高于其他基因型,‘京暑红’的水分利用效率最高(2.62μmol/mmol),‘罗田乌壳栗’的胞间CO_(2)浓度(258.83μmol/mol)最大;在果实产量性状方面,‘燕山早丰’的出仁率(85.29%)和单株产量(8.11 kg)最高,‘荔波早栗’的单粒质量最大(12.48 g),‘京暑红’的出实率(45.28%)均高于其他基因型;在果实品质性状方面,‘燕山早丰’栗仁的淀粉(48.43%)和可溶性糖(24.74%)含量最高,‘灰拣’的脂肪(2.64%)和总黄酮(2.53%)含量最高,‘京暑红’的蛋白质含量(6.95%)最高,‘荔波早栗’的总酚(1.68%)含量最高。相关性和冗余分析发现,叶片表型、结构性状与光合特性之间、光合特性与果实产量品质之间相关性较强。其中,干物质含量与净光合速率呈极显著正相关,叶片厚度与净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等指标呈极显著正相关,净光合速率、气孔导度均与单株产量、淀粉和可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,胞间CO_(2)浓度与脂肪含量呈显著负相关,而光合特性各指标与蛋白质、总酚和总黄酮含量无明显相关性。综上可知,不同基因型板栗叶片功能性状与果实产量品质之间存在较强的相关性,其中叶片厚度、气孔导度、净光合速率、干物质含量等指标可作为筛选高产优质板栗的重要参考。
Different genotypes of chestnuts(‘Yanshanzaofeng’‘Jingshuhong’‘Huijian’‘Luotianwukeli’and‘Libozaoli’)planted in five cultivation areas in Qianxi County,Hebei Province,China were selected as experimental materials to compare and study their leaf phenotypic morphologies,anatomical structure characteristics,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,and fruit yield and quality traits.The correlation analysis between leaf functional traits and fruit yield and quality traits was conducted to screen key leaf functional trait indicators associated with chestnut fruit yield and quality.The results indicated that there were significant differences in leaf functional traits and fruit yield and quality indicators among different genotypes of chestnut.In terms of leaf phenotypic morphology,the dry matter content of‘Yanshanzaofeng’was the highest(0.51 g/g),and the dry matter content of‘Luotianwukeli’was the lowest(0.34 g/g).In the anatomical structure of leaves,there was the greatest difference in leaf thickness among different genotypes,and the leaf thickness of‘Jingshuhong’was the highest(202.71μm),‘Luotianwukeli’was the minimum(175.52μm).In terms of photosynthetic characteristics,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of‘Yanshanzaofeng’(18.50μmol/mmol),stomatal conductance(Gs)(0.34 mol/(m^(2)·s)),and transpiration rate(Tr)(6.28 mmol/(m^(2)·s))were significantly higher than those of other genotypes,and‘Jingshuhong’had the highest water use efficiency(WUE)(2.62μmol/mmol),the intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)(258.83μmol/mol)of‘Luotianwukeli’was the highest.In terms of fruit yield,‘Yanshanzaofeng’had the highest kernel yield(85.29%)and single plant yield(8.11 kg),while‘Libozaoli’had the highest single grain weight(12.48 g).The fruiting rate of‘Jingshuhong’(45.28%)was higher than other genotypes.In terms of quality‘Yanshanzaofeng’had the highest content of starch(48.43%)and soluble sugar(24.74%),and its overall quality was the best.The highest content of fat(2.64%)and total flavonoids(2.53%)were found in‘Huijian’,while‘Jingshuhong’had the highest protein content(6.95%)and‘Libozaoli’had the highest total phenolic content(1.68%).Correlation and redundancy analysis revealed a strong correlation between leaf phenotype,structural traits,and photosynthetic characteristics,as well as between photosynthetic characteristics and fruit yield and quality.Among them,dry matter content was significantly and positively correlated with Pn.Leaf thickness was highly significantly and positively correlated with Pn,Gs,Tr and other indicators.Pn and Gs were significantly and positively correlated with single plant yield,starch and soluble sugar contents,Ci was significantly and negatively correlated with fat content,while protein,total phenols,and total flavonoids contents were not significantly correlated with photosynthetic characteristics.Based on the above analysis,there is a strong correlation between leaf functional traits and fruit yield and quality of different genotypes of chestnut.Among them,leaf thickness,Gs,Pn,dry matter content and other leaf functional trait indicators can be used as key indicators for screening high-yield and high-quality chestnut.
作者
张敏
郭素娟
ZHANG Min;GUO Sujuan(Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《西北林学院学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期20-30,共11页
Journal of Northwest Forestry University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200400)
林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目(2020133118)。
关键词
板栗
叶片厚度
净光合速率
单粒质量
淀粉含量
chestnut
blade thickness
net photosynthetic rate
single particle mass
starch content
