摘要
我国人口老龄化程度日益加深,老年人对长期护理服务的需求不断增长,完善我国长期护理服务体系是积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的重要一环。欧盟成员国普遍较早步入老龄化社会,积累了较为丰富的长期护理服务经验,同时欧盟针对成员国长期护理服务面临的共同挑战加强了政策指导。文章对欧盟成员国长期护理服务发展趋势进行了梳理,发现成员国在长期护理服务供给、服务质量、人员支持、筹资机制等方面具有共同特征,并据此总结了欧盟出台的长期护理服务政策的主要内容和特点:重视长期护理服务和医疗卫生之间,居家护理、社区护理和住宿护理之间,以及正式护理与非正式护理之间的整合;重视对正式护理人员和非正式护理人员的支持;重视长期护理服务公共支出与财政可持续性保持一致。同时,指出这些政策最明显的缺陷是对长期护理服务可负担性的关注程度不够。欧盟的做法为完善我国长期护理服务体系提供了镜鉴。
With China's aging population becoming increasingly severe,the demand for long-term care services among the elderly continues to grow.Improving a long-term care service system is a vital component of the national strategy to actively respond to population aging.In contrast,EU member states,having entered aging societies earlier,have accumulated substantial experience in long-term care services.At the same time,the EU has provided policy guidance to address common challenges faced by its member states in this area.This paper examines the development trends of long-term care services across EU member states,revealing shared characteristics in areas such as service delivery,quality assurance,workforce support,and financing mechanisms.Based on these observations,the main content and characteristics of the EU's long-term care service policies are summarized as follows:They include an emphasis on integrating long-term care services with healthcare systems,fostering coordination among home-based,communitybased,and residential care,and balancing formal and informal caregiving.Equally important is the strong focus on supporting both formal and informal caregivers,recognizing their essential roles in the system.Additionally,EU policies aim to align public expenditure on long-term care services with fiscal sustainability,ensuring resources are effectively allocated to meet growing demands.However,a notable limitation of these policies is the lack of emphasis on the affordability of long-term care services.The EU's practice provides a meaningful reference for us to enhance and perfect our long-term care service system.
出处
《社会福利》
2024年第12期15-23,共9页
Social Welfare
关键词
欧盟
老年人
人口老龄化
长期护理
医疗卫生
European Union
The Elderly
Population Aging
Long-Term Care
Health Care
