摘要
在我国国之重器的锻造征程中,核工业是为数不多在众多关键技术环节实现完全自主、绝对可控的产业之一。其中,以中国核电堆芯--177堆芯为代表的复杂技术系统在技术积累薄弱、自主创新能力缺失的艰难处境下,实现了从落后到引领的地位跃迁,走出了一条独具特色的技术突破之路。然而,学界尚未对此做出理论解释。本文基于对国之重器“华龙一号”的核心部件177堆芯研发历程的纵向剖析,探索了复杂技术系统的技术突破路径。研究发现:(1)国之重器复杂技术系统的整体突破路径具有显著的非线性与非连续性特征,历经“势能积聚-动能释放”两个过程。势能积聚表现为“技术机会识别-技术外力依附-自主技术积累”的漫长循环迭代过程,动能释放表现为“技术机会创造-技术外力脱离-引领性技术创造”的快速单向演进过程。(2)从技术轨道特征来看,自主技术轨道与外部技术轨道之间的互动关系历经从“依附”到“脱离”的转变,期间自主技术轨道与外部技术轨道之间的互动关系不断动态演化。(3)复杂技术系统通过“创新驱动要素转换-创新主导动力更替-技术体系重置”的内在机制实现由循环迭代向单向演进的技术轨道非连续性跃迁。本文形成的理论框架旨在为“国之重器”复杂技术系统技术突破以及由跟随者向领跑者的技术轨道跃迁提供理论借鉴。
In the forging journey of China's"Pillars of a Great Power",the nuclear industry is one of the few industries that has achieved complete autonomy and control in key technological links.Under the difficult situation of weak technology accumulation and lack of independent innovation ability,the Complex Technical Systems represented by the"177 Core'has realized the transition from backward to leading position,and formed a unique path of technological breakthrough.However,there is a lack of theoretical explanation for the breakthrough process of nuclear core technology in China.Based on the longitudinal analysis of the technological breakthrough process of"177 core",the core component of HPR1000,this paper explores and then forms the theoretical model of the path mechanism of technological breakthrough of Complex Technical System.The research findings of this paper are as follows.First of all,the technological breakthrough path of the Complex Technical System has significant nonlinear and discontinuous characteristics,which goes through two processes of"potential energy accumulation"and"kinetic energy release""Potential energy accumulation"is a long cyclic iterative process,and"kinetic energy release"is a rapid unidirectional evolution process.Secondly,from the perspective of technological trajectory characteristics,the interactive relationship between autonomous technological trajectory and external technological trajectory has undergone a change from"attachment"to"detachment".Thirdly,the Complex Technical System realizes the non-continuous transition from circular iteration to unidirectional evolution through the internal mechanism of innovation-driven factor transformation,innovation-leading power replacement,and technology system reorientation.The main contributions of this study are reflected in the following three aspects:Firstly,this paper constructs a theoretical model of technological breakthroughs in Complex Technical System.Based on the perspective of technological trajectory theory,this paper deconstructs the nonlinear technological breakthrough path that conforms to the Complex Technical System of"Pillars of a Great Power",and enriches the theoretical perspective of related research on Complex Technical System.Secondly,this paper focuses on the micro dimension of technological trajectory characteristics,and deeply describes the dynamic evolution process of technological trajectory characteristics of Complex Technical Systems by refining the changes of the interaction relationship between Complex Technical Systems and external technologies in different processes.Thirdly,this paper deconstructs the internal mechanism of the discontinuous transition of the technological breakthrough path of the Complex Technical System,It makes up for the theoretical gap that the current technological trajectory theory pays insufficient attention to the internal mechanism of technological trajectory transition.At the same time,it also makes up for the research gap that the existing research only pays attention to the discussion within the process,but pays less attention to the internal mechanism of the connection between the processes.Lastly,this study outlines several managerial implications.The first recommendation is about the construction of national R&D system and industrial ecology and the strengthening of industrial chain.China should take the research and development of Complex Technical System as an opportunity to lead the common development of the upstream and downstream whole industry chain.The second recommendation is about national macro-policy.The government should respect the long-term objective law of technological breakthroughs in Complex Technical Systems and provide long-term and stable policy support for technological innovation activities.The third recommendation is about how to break the low-end lock-in and path dependence.China should form an independent technology system through the creation of the underlying technology.The fourth is about the civil-military integration.It is necessary to give full play to the rapid iteration and efficient advantages of civil technology and realize the rolling development of military and civilian technology.
作者
许晖
卢一斌
李阳
王冶
XU Hui;LU Yi-bin;LI Yang;WANG Ye(Business School,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071,China;China National Nuclear Corporation,Beijing,100822,China)
出处
《经济管理》
北大核心
2025年第1期24-48,共25页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“数智驱动下高科技企业场景式解决方案研究:理论模型、构建机制及市场响应性”(72272082)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“智能制造关键核心技术国产替代战略与政策研究”(21&ZD132)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国跨国企业复合式营销能力的理论模型与构建机制:基于从资源端到客户端的动态演化逻辑”(71972110)。
关键词
国之重器
核电堆芯
复杂技术系统
技术轨道理论
技术突破
pillars of a great power
core of nuclear power plant
complex technical system
technological breakthrough
technological trajectory theory
