摘要
家畜繁殖性状是畜牧业生产的主要经济性状之一,从遗传学和经济效益的角度来看,多胎性状在其中占据最重要的地位。多胎性状作为一种复杂的限性性状,受到微效多基因及环境的共同作用,然而当前对其遗传机制解析尚不完全。随着现代基因组学技术的发展,全基因组选择技术、全基因组关联分析先进技术在复杂数量性状的遗传和生物学背景解析领域中广泛应用,为多胎性状的深入研究提供新的思路和机遇。因此,该文在介绍了猪、羊、牛等家畜的多胎性状及遗传力的基础上,总结了当前围绕家畜多胎性状相关候选基因、全基因组关联位点和数量性状位点开展的最新研究及进展。其中,详细阐述了影响不同品种家畜多胎性状的10个候选基因,并综述了借助全基因组关联分析等手段所鉴定出的与家畜多胎性状密切相关的关联位点以及数量性状基因座区域,涉及生殖激素合成与分泌、卵泡发育、排卵调控、胚胎着床等多个生物学过程,旨在对家畜多胎性状的遗传基础和调控机制有更全面的了解,为进一步研究和改良家畜多胎性状提供有力的理论支持和技术指导。
Reproductive characteristics in livestock represent a primary economic attribute within animal husbandry.From both genetic and economic standpoints,the polytocous trait holds significant prominence.As a complex sex-limited trait,polytocous trait is influenced by the interaction of numerous minor genes and environmental factors.Nevertheless,the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait remain incompletely elucidated.The advent of contemporary genomic technologies has facilitated the widespread application of sophisticated methodologies,such as genomic selection and genome-wide association studies,in the analysis of the genetic and biological underpinnings of complex quantitative traits.These advancements offer novel insights and opportunities for comprehensive research on multiple birth traits.Consequently,this article provides a comprehensive review of recent research advancements concerning candidate genes,genome-wide association loci,and quantitative trait loci associated with multiple birth traits in livestock,including pigs,sheep,and cattle,by examining their heritability and related characteristics.This study provides a detailed examination of ten candidate genes influencing prolificacy traits across various livestock breeds.Additionally,it reviews the loci and quantitative trait locus(QTL)regions associated with these traits,as identified through methods such as genome-wide association studies(GWAS).The findings encompass multiple biological processes,including the synthesis and secretion of reproductive hormones,follicular development,ovulation regulation,and embryo implantation.The objective is to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic foundations and regulatory mechanisms underlying livestock multiple birth traits,thereby offering robust theoretical support and technical guidance for future research and enhancement of these traits.
作者
田菁
赵濛
李慧
Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaie
王潇
陈陆
王婷月
金露达
何云梅
赵鸿雁
田如刚
Tian Jing;Zhao Meng;Li Hui;Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaie;Wang Xiao;Chen Lu;Wang Tingyue;Jin Luda;He Yunmei;Zhao Hongyan;Tian Rugang(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot,010031,Inner Mongolia;Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center of Otog Banner,Inner Mongolia,Otog Banner,017000,Inner Mongolia)
出处
《中国畜禽种业》
2025年第2期28-47,共20页
The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding
基金
科技创新2030要重大项目(2023ZD0404803-01)
2023年度内蒙古引进人才科研启动支持项目
鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(2022EEDSKJZDZX028)
内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2023CXJJM01)。
