摘要
从我国煤炭行业的绿色发展现状出发,分析了煤矿生态建设过程中地面治理与井下开采未能有效融合的问题,提出了立体生态保护与环境重塑的理论框架,将地面生态环境与井下开采作为一个整体系统进行统一规划、保护和重构,研究各生态要素间的相互作用关系,揭示系统的动态秩序规则和结构演化机理,构建立体生态聚类决策模型。基于“源头规划和过程控制”的理念,强调在采前统一规划、采中同步治理和修复,加强资源开采与过程修复的耦合与优化调整机制,推动新材料、新技术和新方法与生态修复技术的融合,实现立体保护、系统修复和综合治理。以邢东矿区为例,根据井下地质构造分布及地表生态功能进行融合划分,每个采区对应不同的地表生态保护对象,采取针对性的工艺设计模式,如“全区连续充填开采”“协调开采+地面修复”“开采充填开采”的间隔采充工艺模式等,经过持续的科技创新,形成了矿井立体生态生产模式,最大限度地减少了对生态环境的干扰,增加了煤矸石固废的回收复用,实现了煤矿区立体生态建设的集群式效应。
Starting from the current state of green development in China's coal industry,the issue of the lack of effective integration between surface management and underground mining during the ecological construction of coal mines was analyzed,a theoretical framework for three-dimensional ecological protection and environmental reshaping was proposed,which treated the surface ecological environment and underground mining as a unified system for comprehensive planning,protection and reconstruction,the interrelationships among various ecological elements were studied,the dynamic order rules and structural evolution mechanisms of the system were revealed,and a three-dimensional ecological clustering decision model was constructed.Based on the concept of"source planning and process control",three-dimensional protection,systematic restoration,and comprehensive governance were achieved by emphasizing unified planning before extraction,simultaneous governance and restoration during the mining process,strengthening the coupling and optimization adjustment mechanism between resource extraction and process restoration,and promoting the integration of new materials,technologies and methods with ecological restoration techniques.Taking Xingdong mining area as an example,a fused zoning based on the distribution of underground geological structures and surface ecological functions was conducted with each mining area corresponding to different surface ecological protection targets,through continuous technological innovation,a three-dimensional ecological production model for mine shafts had been formed by adopting targeted technological design models such as continuous backfill mining throughout the area,coordinated mining and surface restoration,and mining-backfill-mining interval mining and backfilling technology modes,significantly reducing the disturbances to the ecological environment,increasing the recycling and reuse of coal gangues,and realizing the cluster effect of three-dimensional ecological construction in coal mining areas.
作者
刘建功
张党育
谢国强
卢新明
刘扬
杨军辉
赵家巍
LIU Jiangong;ZHANG Dangyu;XIE Guoqiang;LU Xinming;LIU Yang;YANG Junhui;ZHAO Jiawei(School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan,Hebei 056038,China;Jizhong Energy Group Co.,Ltd.,Xingtai,Hebei 054000,China;Jizhong Energy Resources Co.,Ltd.,Xingtai,Hebei 054000,China;Shandong Lionking Software Co.,Ltd.,Taian,Shandong 271000,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Haidian,Beijing 100083,China;National Energy Backfilling Mining Technology Key Laboratory,Xingtai,Hebei 054000,China;School of Civil Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan,Hebei 056038,China;Hebei Industry Technology Research Institute of Coal Mine Ecological Protection and Mining,Handan,Hebei 056038,China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
北大核心
2025年第1期2-11,共10页
China Coal
基金
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(246Z3803G)
河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2020402064)
河北省煤炭生态保护开采产业技术研究院经费支持项目(20312904002)。
关键词
绿色开采
立体生态
环境重塑
井上下协同设计
智能化充填
green mining
three-dimensional ecology
environmental reshaping
integrated design of underground mining and surface protection
intelligent backfilling
