摘要
从敦煌写卷和西夏文的语音材料可知,晚唐至北宋时期,西北地区已出现了非组字喉化的现象,现代晋方言也有这种类似的现象。x(包括h)和f都是“钝”(grave)音,在频谱图上,能量主要集中在低频区,在听感上很接近,容易被混淆。在现代汉语中,一般不存在f、v与带u及u V相拼的音节,因为u的圆唇性质使得f、v发音困难。西北方言的非组字软腭化或喉化的原因应是圆唇的主元音或介音。现代汉语中,非组字的软腭化或喉化现象在官话、方言、土语都有分布,其中以晋语、闽语、湘语为多。f变x是辅音特征增强的强化音变,很少出现在汉语的核心地区如北京、西安、洛阳、开封。一般来说,强化音变少,弛化音变多,因此发生x>f的现象远多于f>x。
From the phonetic materials of the Dunhuang(敦煌)manuscripts and Xixia characters(西夏文),it can be seen that the laryngalization of Fei-group characters(非组字)had appeared from the late Tang(唐)Dynasty to the Northern Song(北宋)Dynasty in the northwest region,and Jin(晋)dialect also has this similar phenomenon.Both X(including H)and F are grave sounds.In the spectrum diagram,the energy is mainly concentrated in the low frequency region,which is very close to the hearing and easy to be confused.In modern Chinese,there are generally no syllables of F,V with U and UV,because the round lip nature of U makes F and V difficult to pronounce.The U of Northwest dialect is round lip,which is the cause of the soft-palatalization or laryngalization.In modern Chinese,the soft-palatalization or laryngalization phenomenon of lip-tooth fricative is distributed in mandarin,dialect and vernacular,especially in Jin(晋)dialect,Min(闽)dialect and Xiang(湘)dialect.The F>X is an enhanced consonant change,which is rarely seen in the core areas of Chinese,such as Beijing(北京),Xi'an(西安),Luoyang(洛阳),and Kaifeng(开封).In general,there are fewer reinforcements and more relaxations,so the phenomenon of X>F is much more than that of F>X.
作者
李华斌
LI Hua-bin(College of Literature,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025,China)
出处
《语言研究》
北大核心
2025年第1期10-16,共7页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金西部项目“唐五代西北汉语异调互注研究”(24XYY004)。
关键词
唇齿擦音的喉化
西北地区
唐宋
方言
Laryngalization of lip-tooth fricative
Northwest
Tang(唐)and Song(宋)Dynasties
Dialect
