摘要
水文模型校准过程对模型模拟效果有重要影响。对学者们应用水文模型SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)开展的多站点、多变量和多目标的校准策略研究进行了归纳总结分析。研究结果显示:①多站点、多变量和多目标的应用都会对水文模型的校准结果产生影响。②不是所有的多站点校准都能提高模拟效果,流域尺度、内部情况、站点设置和校准顺序等都会对多站点校准效果产生影响。通常情况下,在大尺度、地形条件复杂、支流众多、非均质的复杂流域进行多站点校准时可有效提高模型的模拟效果,降低模拟的不确定性。③在校准过程中将多站点与多变量校准联合使用,可以更好地模拟流域水文过程,获得更真实合理的水文参数。④不同的目标函数因计算方式的差异也会对校准结果产生影响,使用多个目标函数,可充分利用实测数据所涵盖的信息,更好地进行校准。水文模型校准优化算法与多目标相结合,可缩短校准时间,改善模拟效果。在水文模拟研究中,应充分考虑流域实际情况,进行站点数量与位置、校准变量、目标函数及校准优化算法的选择,以获得更精准的模拟结果。
The calibration process of hydrological models has a significant impact on model simulations.This study summarizes and analyzes multi-site,multi-variable,and multi-objective calibration studies carried out using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model.The results show that:①the application of multi-site,multi-variable,and multi-objective will affect the calibration process of hydrological models.②During the multi-site calibration process,it is found that not all multi-site calibrations can significantly improve simulation performance.The scale of the basin,the internal condition of the basin,the setting of the station,and the calibration sequence all affect multi-site calibration.In general,multi-site calibration in complex large-scale watersheds with numerous tributaries and heterogeneity can effectively improve the simulation performance of the model and reduce simulation uncertainty.③The combination of multi-station and multi-variable calibration in the calibration process can better simulate the hydrological process of a basin and produce more realistic and reasonable hydrological parameters.④Different objective functions also affect the calibration results,due to differences in calculation methods.Using multi-objective functions optimization,all information from the measured data can be comprehensively and effectively considered for better calibration.A hydrological model calibration optimization algorithm can be combined with multi-objective functions calibration to reduce the calibration time and improve the simulation effect.In hydrological simulation research,the number and location of multiple stations,calibration variables,objective functions,and calibration optimization algorithms should be selected with full consideration on actual situations of basins to obtain more accurate simulation results.
作者
柏建雯
BAI Jianwen(College of Engineering,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2025年第2期99-105,共7页
Yangtze River
基金
吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目(JJKH20200426KJ)。
关键词
水文模型
SWAT模型
校准方法
多站点
多变量
多目标
hydrological model
SWAT model
calibration method
multi-site
multi-variable
multi-objective
