摘要
玉米是世界上最重要的饲料作物和粮食作物之一,为增加玉米产量、提高玉米品质,改进栽培技术是不可或缺的方法。本实验选用不同规格的地膜覆盖,在鲜食玉米生长中后期进行试验,分析杂草长势、叶长、株高、生育期、产量等的差异,探究地膜覆盖对鲜食玉米生长的影响。结果发现,黑色地膜能够抑制杂草生长,而白色地膜能够促进杂草生长。在进入玉米大喇叭口期前,白色地膜对提升叶长的效果优于黑色地膜,进入大喇叭口期以后,黑色地膜效果优于白色地膜。从不同规格地膜覆盖栽培的叶色差异可以推断,黑色地膜能够有效增加叶绿体数量或叶绿素含量,能够更好地促进光合作用,促进生长。使用黑色地膜时玉米株高增长明显,黑色加厚膜对株高增加效果最好,使用白色地膜会影响株高增加。使用黑色地膜能够有效增加结穗数、穗长等,且黑色加厚膜效果最好。覆膜栽培对每穗行数也起到正向提升的作用,黑色地膜比白色地膜的正向作用更明显。
Corn is one of the most important feed and food crops in the world.Improving cultivation techniques is an indispensable method to increase corn yield and enhance corn quality.In this experiment,different specifications of plastic film covering were used to test the growth of fresh corn in the middle and later stages.The differences in weed growth,leaf length,plant height,growth period,yield,etc.were measured to explore the effect of plastic film covering on the growth of fresh corn.It was found that black film inhibited weed growth,while white film promoted weed growth.Before the big horn stage,white plastic film had a better effect on increasing leaf length than black plastic film.After entering the big horn stage,black plastic film had a better effect than white plastic film.Film mulching entered the jointing stage,tasseling stage,and silk emergence stage earlier than bare land.White film mulching had a better promotion effect than black film mulching,and black film mulching entered the new growth stage at least earlier than bare land.It could be inferred from the differences in leaf color between different specifications of plastic film mulching cultivation that black plastic film could effectively increase the number of chloroplasts or chlorophyll content,better promote photosynthesis,and promote growth.When using black plastic film,there was a significant increase in plant height,and black thick film had the best effect on plant height growth.Using white plastic film would affect the increase in plant height.The use of black plastic film could effectively increase the number of spikes,spike length,gross weight of ten spikes,and net weight of ten spikes,and the black thickened film has the best effect.Film mulching cultivation also had a positive effect on the number of rows per ear,with black film having a more significant positive effect than white film.
作者
刘宗陈
王峰
LIU Zongchen;WANG Feng(Nantong Zhongjiang Agricultural Development Limited Company,Nantong 226400,China;Agriculture,Rural Affairs,and Social Affairs Bureau of Juzhen Street,Rudong County,Jiangsu Province,Nantong 226400,China)
出处
《中国果菜》
2025年第2期56-61,共6页
China Fruit & Vegetable
基金
江苏省农业生态保护与资源利用专项-如东县地膜科学使用回收补助项目(东农复〔2024〕32号)。
关键词
地膜覆盖栽培
鲜食玉米
生长中后期
生育期
叶色
产量
Plastic film mulching cultivation
fresh corn
the middle and later growth stages
reproductive period
leaf color
yield
