摘要
田面权和典权是具有财产属性的土地权利。清华大学中国经济史研究中心所藏的福建11连契,由清代寄佃契、尽契与民国典按契单构成,对于阐述土地财产权利及其交易具有独特价值。以出典田面为主要内容的11连契,呈现了承典人主动成为佃农的交易图景,是租佃关系多样化的表现,其中由加典与续典呈现的价格规律和权利继承彰显了产权的清晰界定。而当承典人为田底主之时,出典田面为土地的底面归一提供了一种可能方式。与此同时,连契还以实例呈现了产权界定由民间自发至政府规制的历史演变。田面的出典本质上属于民间自发的产权实践,随着近代国家的税赋汲取,借由地方政府对典契的查验,田面权也能在民国官契中得到正式表达。
The rights to surface field and pawning were the land rights with property attributes. The 11-Consecutive-Deed at the Center for Chinese Economic History at Tsinghua University includes deeds from Fujian Province, such as Jidian deed, Jin deeds, and the official pawn deed from the Republic of China. These materials hold unique value for the discussion of land property rights and their transactions..These deeds, primarily concerning pawning the surface field right, illustrated situations in which the pawnee voluntarily transitioned into a tenant peasant, reflecting a diverse range of tenancy options. The increasing value of the pawn, through pricing mechanisms and inheritance of rights, highlighted the clear definition of land property rights. Moreover, when the pawnee was the owner of the field, an alternative chance for reinstating full land rights emerged. These deeds shed light on the historical evolution of property rights, transitioning from informal customary practices to formal government regulation. The transactions of pawing the surface field right initially emerged as spontaneous property rights practiced by the folk. However, as the modern state's tax collection intensified, the rights to surface land could be formally documented in the official deeds of the Republic of China through the local government's registration of pawns.
出处
《中国经济史研究》
北大核心
2025年第1期39-52,共14页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“中华传统的中国经济学解释研究”(批准号:2023JZDZ022)的阶段性成果之一。
关键词
连契
田面出典
加典与续典
产权界定
11-Consecutive-Deed
Pawning the Surface Field Right
Continuous Pawning
The Definition of Property Rights
