摘要
烟台市门楼水库近10年总氮平均质量浓度6.14 mg/L,高于全国水平,严重影响了供水安全和人民群众身体健康。为明确库区上游清洋河流域氮污染排放特征,开展了流域现场调研和定位监测。结果显示:研究区域农业活动密集,工业点源较少,苹果种植业是主导产业,氮肥平均施用量483 kg/(hm^(2)·a),高于保证现有产量科学施氮量的42.9%,农业面源氮素盈余较高,达到269.9 kg/(hm^(2)·a),农业面源氮排放占比81.6%。为进一步有效阻止未利用的氮素外泄,降低农业面源氮素流失,从而改善门楼水库水质,流域内需要创新种植模式,主推尿素、硫酸铵无机肥料和植物性来源有机肥料,提倡秸秆还田、生草覆盖,建设农田退水治理工程、水生态修复工程。
The average mass concentration of total nitrogen in Menlou Reservoir of Yantai in recent 10 years was 6.14 mg/L,higher than the national level,which seriously affected the safety of water supply and people's health.To clarify the characteristics of nitrogen pollution discharge in Qingyang River Basin,field investigation and location monitoring were carried out.The results showed that in the study area,agricultural activities were intensive,industrial point sources were few,and apple planting was the leading industry.The average nitrogen fertilizer application amount was 483 kg/(hm^(2)·a),which was 42.9%higher than the scientific nitrogen application amount to ensure the current yield.The nitrogen surplus from agricultural non-point sources was higher,reaching 269.9 kg/(hm^(2)·a),and the nitrogen emission from agricultural non-point sources accounted for 81.6%.In order to further effectively prevent the leakage of unused nitrogen,reduce the loss of nitrogen from agricultural non-point sources,and thus improve the water quality of Menlou Reservoir,it is necessary to innovate the planting mode in the basin,mainly promote urea,ammonium sulfate inorganic fertilizers and plant-derived organic fertilizers,advocate straw returning to the field and raw grass mulching,and construct farmland backwater treatment projects and water ecological restoration projects.
作者
李斌
徐华
高明瑜
丁晶琳
王刚
LI Bin;XU Hua;GAO Mingyu;DING Jinglin;WANG Gang(Shandong Provincial Yantai Eco-environment Monitoring Center,Yantai 264003,China;Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Shandong Agricultual University,Taian 271018,China)
出处
《环境保护科学》
2025年第1期123-130,共8页
Environmental Protection Science
基金
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR202102220203)
烟台市科技创新发展计划战略研究类项目(2023ZLYJ122)。
关键词
农业面源
清洋河流域
氮素来源
氮污染
管控
agricultural non-point sources
Qingyang River Basin
nitrogen source
nitrogen pollution
control
