摘要
近年来,政府在推行一系列制度变革的基础上,向农村集体经济集中投入了大量财政资源,在补足资本要素的同时也衍生了“经营型”和“债权型”两种集体经济发展模式。本文基于“政策支持-政策压力-应对能力-政策执行(发展模式)-治理绩效(核心功能)”的分析框架,通过考察上述两类发展模式核心功能的实现情况,尝试识别两类发展模式治理绩效的差别,并试图揭示财政政策支持下集体经济发展模式与农村治理绩效的关系。研究发现,“债权型”发展模式是财政扶持下政策压力与基层应对能力失衡的“异化”结果,在赋能集体“统”的功能、重塑乡村内生治理生态和促进共同富裕方面作用有限。因此,本文得到的一个重要价值判断是,未来农村集体经济的发展应着眼于建构体现治理绩效的三重核心功能,由追求短期效应的“债权型”发展模式向以集体产业为基础的“经营型”发展模式转型。在释放部分政策压力的同时,也要赋予基层政府对政策执行的自由裁量权。只有有效提升基层应对能力,规避和减少基层的策略性应对行动,才能持续增强农村集体经济的发展活力。
Strengthening rural collective economy is a crucial guarantee for maintaining a socialist direction and achieving common prosperity.In recent years,the Chinese government has invested substantial financial resources into rural collective economy.To compare the governance performance of different rural collective economic development models,it is essential to comprehensive examine the benefits to agriculture,rural,and farmers.This is because rural collective economy possesses both economic and social attributes,with social attributes being fundamental.Based on this,the core functions of collective economy are summarized into three key functions:the agricultural socialized service function,the endogenous governance function of rural areas,and the income increase and social security function In practice,various regions have begun to explore diversified rural collective economic development models,leveraging resource endowments and government support.The large-scale injection of financial funds has not only supplemented capital elements but also led to the emergence of two differentiated collective economic development models:the "operating-type" and "creditor-type".The "operating-type" refers to the villages utilize fiscal funds to explore different types of collective industries,representing an ideal model for reconstructing collective economy.In contrast,the "creditor-type" refers to converting government fiscal funds into collective assets,which are then invested as shares in local enterprises.From an income perspective,the "creditor-type" collective economy has achieved rapid growth in operating income in many villages in a short period of time.However,due to the restrictions on the specificity of funds,most benefits derived from converting poverty alleviation funds into collective assets can only flow to certain groups within the village,leaving ordinary villagers without direct benefits.This paper constructs an analytical framework based on pressure system theory,comprising "policy support—policy pressure—coping capacity—policy execution(development model)—governance performance(core functions)".By examining the development models of collective economy in Tianbao Village and Longguyan Village,this study investigates the realization of the core functions of the two types of development models and further identifies the differences in governance performance between the two models.Ultimately,it reveals the relationship between collective economic development models supported by fiscal policies and rural governance performance.The research finds that when there is an imbalance between pressure and capacity,grassroots governments may choose strategic responses to avoid risks,leading to the selection of the "creditor-type" development model.Therefore,an important value judgment drawn from this paper is that the future development of rural collective economy should focus on constructing the three core functions that reflect governance performance,transitioning from the "creditor-type" to the "operating-type" development model based on collective industries.While releasing some policy pressure,it is also necessary to grant grassroots governments discretionary power in policy execution.Only by effectively enhancing the coping capacity of grassroots geovernments and reducing strategic responses can the vitality of rural collective economy be sustainably strengthened.
作者
徐冠清
崔占峰
朱玉春
XU Guanqing;CUI Zhanfeng;ZHU Yuchun(College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University;College of Economics and Management,Yantai University)
出处
《中国农村观察》
北大核心
2025年第1期85-106,共22页
China Rural Survey
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“统筹推进县域城乡融合发展的理论框架与实践路径研究”(编号:22&ZD113)。
关键词
农村集体经济
发展模式
治理绩效
债权型
经营型
Rural Collective Economy
Development Model
Govermance Performance
Operating-type
Creditor-type
