摘要
【目的】为了解环鄱阳湖地区池塘水体细菌群落结构特征及其构建机制,以期为养殖池塘生态健康评价及养殖管理提供理论依据。【方法】于2022年6月(夏季)和12月(冬季)分别采集环鄱阳湖(九江市、南昌市、上饶市、抚州市、吉安市、宜春市)6个地区共45个池塘水体样本,通过高通量测序技术分析池塘水体细菌群落结构特征,并利用中性模型和零模型探究其构建机制。【结果】(1)6月各采样地区池塘水体的平均水温(T)高于12月,平均氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)浓度均低于12月;池塘水体细菌群落的优势菌门均为放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria),优势菌属为hgcI_clade、CL500-29_marine_group、Mycobacterium、Cyanobium_PCC-6307。(2)6月各地区池塘水体细菌群落α多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05),12月九江市池塘水体细菌群落Ace、Chao指数与抚州市、上饶市均存在显著差异(P<0.05);九江市池塘水体细菌群落Ace、Chao指数存在季节性显著差异(P<0.05);池塘水体细菌群落β多样性无显著地区性和季节性差异(P>0.05)。(3)除6月九江市池塘水体细菌群落与溶氧(DO)、南昌市池塘水体细菌群落与TN,以及12月九江市池塘水体细菌群落与T外,其他地区池塘水体细菌群落与环境因子T、pH、DO、NH3-N、TN、TP、总悬浮物(TSS)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)均呈正相关关系;6月对池塘水体细菌群落结构有显著影响的环境因子按影响程度大小排序为TP、T、NH3-N、CODMn、TN、pH,12月为TSS、TP、pH、TN、T。(4)6月池塘水体细菌群落构建主要由以扩散限制和漂变为主导的随机性过程(贡献率=62.68%)所决定,12月主要由以同质选择为主导的确定性过程(贡献率=65.04%)所决定。【结论】环鄱阳湖地区中九江市池塘水体细菌群落Ace、Chao指数存在季节性显著差异,且12月九江市与抚州市、上饶市存在地区性显著差异,其余各地区池塘水体细菌群落无地区性、季节性显著差异。有机物积累对池塘水体细菌群落结构稳定性和丰富度的贡献高于温度,6月池塘水体细菌群落构建机制主要是以扩散限制、漂变为主导的随机性过程,12月池塘水体细菌群落构建机制主要是以同质选择为主导的确定性过程。
[Objective]This study investigated the bacterial community structure characteristics and construction mechanisms of different aquaculture ponds around Lake Poyang,thus providing theoretical basis for ecological health assessment and management of aquaculture ponds.[Method]45 pond water samples from six regions(Jiujiang City,Nanchang City,Shangrao City,Fuzhou City,Ji'an City and Yichun City)around Lake Poyang were collected in June(summer)and December(winter)in 2022,respectively.The characteristics of bacterial community structures in ponds were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology,and the construction mechanisms were explored by using neutral model and null model.[Result](1)The average water temperature(T)of pond water from all sampling regions in June was higher than that in December,and the average concentrations of ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN)were lower than those in December.Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota and Cyanobacteria were the dominant phyla in the pond water bacterial communities,and hgcI_clade,CL500-29_marine_group,Mycobacterium,Cyanobium_PCC-6307 were the dominant genera in the pond water bacterial communities.(2)There was no significant difference in α diversity index of pond water bacterial communities among different regions in June(P<0.05).There were significant differences in Ace index and Chao index of pond water bacterial communities between Jiujiang and Fuzhou as well as Shangrao in December(P<0.05).There were significant seasonal differences in Ace index and Chao index of pond water bacterial communities in Jiujiang(P<0.05).There were no significant regional and seasonal differences in β diversity of pond water bacterial communities(P<0.05).(3)Except for the bacterial community and dissolved oxygen(DO)in pond water of Jiujiang City in June,the bacterial community and TN in pond water of Nanchang City,and the bacterial community and T in pond water of Jiujiang City in December,the bacterial community in pond water of other areas was positively correlated with environmental factors T,pH,DO,NH3-N,TN,TP,total suspended solids(TSS)and permanganate index(CODMn).In June,the environmental factors that had a significant impact on the bacterial community structure of the pond water were ranked as TP,T,NH3-N,CODMn,TN,and pH according to the degree of influence.In December,TSS,TP,pH,TN,and T.(4)In June,the construction of bacterial community in pond water was mainly determined by the random process dominated by diffusion limitation and drift(contribution rate=62.68%).In December,it was mainly determined by the deterministic process dominated by homogeneous selection(contribution rate=65.04%).[Conclusion]The Ace and Chao indices of the bacterial communities in ponds of Jiujiang exhibited significant seasonal differences,and there are significant regional differences compared with those of Fuzhou and Shangrao.There were no significant regional and seasonal differences in the pond water bacterial communities in the other regions around Lake Poyang.The contribution of organic matter accumulation to the stability and richness of bacterial community structure in pond water was higher than that of temperature.In June,the construction mechanism of bacterial community in pond water was mainly a random process dominated by diffusion limitation and drift.In December,the construction mechanism of bacterial community in pond water was mainly a deterministic process dominated by homogeneous selection.
作者
侯明勇
张燕萍
余建芳
阙祥尧
吴子君
徐先栋
宋超
章海鑫
HOU Mingyong;ZHANG Yanping;YU Jianfang;QUE Xiangyao;WU Zijun;XU Xiandong;SONG Chao;ZHANG Haixin(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Fisheries Science,Nanchang 330039,China;Jiangxi Provincial Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Nanchang 330039,China;Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214125,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期178-192,共15页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-46-34)
江西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZPYFB0082)。
关键词
养殖池塘
细菌群落结构
构建机制
中性模型
零模型
aquaculture ponds
bacterial community structures
construction mechanism
neutral model
null model
