摘要
【目的】茶树菇(Agrocybe cylindracea)是一种在我国广泛栽培的药食两用型食用菌品种,具有较高的营养价值和多种生物活性物质。但较强的重金属吸收富集能力使得其往往容易出现重金属残留超标的现象。硒、硅、锌元素能够有效降低水稻等作物对重金属的富集,并降低植物对土壤中重金属的吸收,缓解重金属对植物的毒害作用。当前对水稻等作物的类似研究较多,但以食用菌为对象所进行的相关研究较少。旨在探索外源施用硒、硅、锌元素对镉胁迫下的茶树菇中镉含量以及菌丝体生长的影响,以及代料中各元素的吸收和竞争规律。【方法】试验以茶树菇为供试材料,通过在其栽培代料中添加1 mg/kg和3 mg/kg的外源镉以模拟种植土壤中的重金属环境,同时分别外源添加2~10 mg/kg的硒元素、100~200 mg/kg的硅元素和20~100 mg/kg的锌元素,待栽培出菇后测定茶树菇子实体中的镉、硒、硅、锌等元素含量和富集系数,以及菌丝的生长速率和生物学效率。【结果】外源硒的施加能够显著增加茶树菇子实体中的硒含量,并且能够促进茶树菇菌丝的生长,在代料中硒含量为10 mg/kg时,茶树菇中的硒含量和生长速率、生物学效率均达到最高值。硒、硅、锌元素均能够有效缓解茶树菇对镉的富集作用,且硒镉、硅镉和锌镉之间均存在着一定的协同作用。相较于代料含镉1 mg/kg时的情况,代料含镉3 mg/kg时,外源添加一定浓度的硒、硅、锌能够更好地抑制茶树菇子实体对镉的富集作用,进而降低其中的镉含量。同时,代料含镉1 mg/kg时,外源硒的施加能够对茶树菇菌丝的生长起到明显的促进作用,而硅、锌元素的添加则作用不明显。代料含镉3 mg/kg时,锌镉元素对茶树菇菌丝的生长可能存在着某种协同促进作用,硒、硅元素的添加则未对茶树菇菌丝的生长有明显的促进作用。【结论】外源添加硒、硅、锌元素同代料中的镉均有一定的协同作用,其含量与交互作用能够显著影响茶树菇富集镉的过程,同时镉胁迫下的硒、硅、锌元素对茶树菇生长发育的影响是复杂的,不能仅以其中某个指标变化分析其对茶树菇生长的影响作用。研究对探究茶树菇富硒、富硅和富锌阻隔技术,降低重金属毒害的有效手段具有重要的现实意义,也有望为探究解决食用菌产业镉污染问题提供重要参考,同时也为茶树菇种植栽培及安全生产提供理论依据。
[Objective]With high nutritional value and multiple bioactive substances,Agrocybe cylindracea is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible mushroom variety in China.However,its strong ability to absorb and enrich heavy metals often leads to the phenomenon of excessive residual heavy metals.Selenium,silicon,and zinc elements can effectively reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in crops such as rice,and reduce the absorption of heavy metals in soil by plants,thus alleviating the toxic effects of heavy metals on plants.Currently,there are relatively many similar studies on crops such as rice,but relatively few relevant studies have been conducted on edible fungi.This study explored the effects of exogenous application of selenium,silicon and zinc on cadmium content and mycelial growth of A.cylindracea under cadmium stress,as well as the absorption and competition of each element in the substitute.[Method]This experiment used A.cylindracea as the test material,and simulated the heavy metal environment in the planting soil by adding 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg exogenous cadmium to its cultivation substitute.In addition,2-10 mg/kg selenium,100-200 mg/kg silicon,and 20-100 mg/kg zinc were added exogenously.The contents of Cd,Se,Si and Zn in the fruiting bodies of A.cylindracea,the bioconcentration factors(BCFs)of Cd,Se,Si and Zn in the fruiting bodies of A.cylindracea,and the growth rate and biological efficiency of the mycelium were determined.[Result]The results showed that the application of exogenous selenium significantly increased the selenium content in the fruiting body of A.cylindracea and promoted the growth of its mycelium.When the selenium content in the substitute was 10 mg/kg,the selenium content,growth rate,and biological efficiency of Agrocybe cylindracea reached the highest values.Selenium,silicon and zinc can effectively alleviate the enrichment of cadmium by A.cylindracea,and there is a certain synergistic effect between selenium,cadmium,silicon cadmium and zinc cadmium.Compared with the case of 1 mg/kg cadmium in the substitute,when the substitute contains 3 mg/kg cadmium,the addition of a certain concentration of selenium,silicon and zinc can better inhibit the enrichment of cadmium by the fruiting body of Agrocybe aegerita,thereby reducing the cadmium content.When the substitute contained 1 mg/kg cadmium,the application of exogenous selenium could significantly promote the growth of A.cylindracea hyphae,while the addition of silicon and zinc elements did not show a significant promoting effect on the growth of A.cylindracea hyphae.When the substitute material contained 3 mg/kg of cadmium,zinc and cadmium elements might have a synergistic promoting effect on the growth of A.cylindracea hyphae,while the addition of selenium and silicon elements did not have a significant promoting effect on the growth of A.cylindracea hyphae.[Conclusion]The exogenous addition of selenium,silicon,zinc elements and cadmium in the substitute had a certain synergistic effect,and their content and interaction could significantly affect the process of cadmium enrichment in A.cylindracea.At the same time,the effects of selenium,silicon and zinc on the growth and development of A.cylindracea under cadmium stress are complex.The effect of selenium,silicon and zinc on the growth of A.cylindracea can not be analyzed only by the change of one of the indexes.This study has important practical significance for exploring the selenium rich,silicon rich,and zinc rich barrier technologies of A.cylindracea,as well as effective means to reduce heavy metal toxicity.It provides important references for exploring solutions to cadmium pollution in the edible fungus industry,as well as theoretical basis for the cultivation and safe production of A.cylindracea.
作者
陈徐俊
肖勇
涂田华
万伟杰
熊闻婷
李伟红
CHEN Xujun;XIAO Yong;TU Tianhua;WAN Weijie;XIONG Wenting;LI Weihong(Institute of Quality Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products,Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期61-73,共13页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
江西省食用菌产业技术体系项目(JXARS-20)。
关键词
茶树菇
镉胁迫
生长
菌丝体
重金属
富集
Agrocybe cylindracea
cadmium stress
growth
heavy metals
mycelium
enrichment
