摘要
毒品犯罪的发生,是影响犯罪动机形成的社会情境因素与促使犯罪动机转化为行为的物理情境因素综合作用下的结果。毒品犯罪情境因素发挥作用的机理是以犯罪动机形成、动机转化为行为作为两个关键节点。具体表现为生活背景诱发“需要”,“需要”在人际交往中得以加强、受生活事件影响形成动机;目标因素使动机更明确,时空因素增强动机并使之蓄势待发,社会控制疏漏促使动机转化为行为。相应地,毒品犯罪情境预防的路径为抑制犯罪动机形成、阻止已有犯罪动机转化为行为。其中,抑制犯罪动机形成之关键是通过改造生活背景、干预人际交往、减少生活刺激等措施使个体需要无法激化,保持正常;阻止犯罪动机转化为行为之关键则是通过对目标、时空、社会控制疏漏等物理情境因素予以控制,增加犯罪难度、减少犯罪机会,使潜在犯罪人“不能犯或不敢犯”而放弃实施犯罪行为。
The occurrence of drug crime is the result of the comprehensive action of social situational factors which influence the formation of criminal motive and physicalsituational factors which promote the transformation of criminal motive into behavior.The mechanism of drug crime situational factors is the formation of criminal motivation and the transformation of motivation into behavior as two key nodes.Specifically,life background induces“need”,which is strengthened in interpersonal communication and influenced by life events to form motivation;Objective factors make motivationclearer,spatio-temporal factors enhance motivation and make it ready for action,and the lack of social control promotes the transformation of motivation into behavior.Accordingly,the path of situational prevention of drug crime is to inhibit the formation of criminal motivation and prevent the existing criminal motivation from transforming into behavior.Among them,the key to restrain the formation of criminalmotivation is to make the individual needs cannot be intensified and keep normal by reforming the life background,interfering with interpersonal communication and reducing the stimulation of life.The key to prevent the transformation of criminal motivation into behavior is to increasethe difficulty of crime and reduce the opportunity of crime by controlling the physical situation factors such as the target,time and space,and the omission of social control,so that the potential criminals“cannot commit or dare not commit”and give up committing criminal acts.
作者
成波
黄明儒
Cheng Bo;Huang Mingru
出处
《刑法论丛》
2023年第1期396-429,共34页
Criminal Law Review
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“风险社会背景下行政犯扩张及其适用限缩研究”(19BFX061)的阶段性成果
关键词
毒品犯罪
情境因素
犯罪机理
情境预防
drug crimes
situational factors
mechanism of crime
situational prevention
