摘要
目的了解内蒙古地区生活饮用水微生物污染状况,及时发现饮用水安全问题,为保障饮用水安全和改善生活饮用水质量提供参考依据。方法于2018—2021年,采集内蒙古自治区不同地区、不同水源、不同水期的生活饮用水(出厂水、末梢水和二次供水)水样,检测菌落总数、总大肠菌群和大肠埃希菌3项指标。结果共监测水样28598份,微生物指标合格水样25831份,合格率为90.30%;其中,菌落总数、大肠埃希菌和总大肠菌群合格率分别为93.80%,99.90%和97.00%,且菌落总数、大肠埃希菌和总大肠菌群的合格率随着时间均呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。不同季节饮用水中菌落总数和总大肠菌群合格率间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),且菌落总数夏秋季检出数量最多,合格率较低;总大肠菌群以冬季检出数量较多,合格率最低;大肠埃希菌无明显差异。内蒙古自治区城市地区饮用水监测水样9306份,微生物指标合格水样9101份,合格率为97.8%;农村地区饮用水监测水样19292份,微生物指标合格水样17691份,合格率为91.7%。城市地区饮用水中微生物指标的合格率高于农村地区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。且与农村地区比较,城市地区饮用水中菌落总数、总大肠菌群的合格率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而大肠埃希菌无明显改变。不同水期,丰水期和枯水期微生物指标总体合格率94.56%、95.67%,枯水期微生物指标总体合格率高于丰水期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同年份丰水期和枯水期微生物指标合格率总体均呈现升高趋势,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(丰水期)=288.28,χ^(2)_(枯水期)=248.87,P<0.01)。末梢水、出厂水和二次供水微生物指标合格率为95.1%,92.6%和96.4%,三者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同类型饮用水各微生物指标合格率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(菌落总数)=23.085,χ^(2)_(大肠埃希菌)=33.35,χ^(2)_(总大肠菌群)=135.37,P<0.01)。其中出厂水各微生物指标检出数量最多,微生物指标合格率最低。结论内蒙古自治区饮用水水质的微生物指标合格率呈上升趋势,生活饮用总体水质量良好,但不同季节或不同类型的水质存在一定差异,建议继续监测,指导安全饮水。
Objective To understand the microbial contamination status of drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and to provide scientific data for safeguarding drinking water safety and developing water treatment measures.Methods From 2018 to 2021,the drinking water samples(finished water,terminal water and secondary water supply)from different areas,water sources and water periods in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected to detect three indicators,total bacterial count,total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli.Results A total of 28598 water samples were monitored,of which 25831 were qualified for microbial indicators,with a pass rate of 90.30%,among them,the qualified rates of total bacterial count,Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria were 93.80%,99.90%and 97.00%,respectively,and the qualified rates of total bacterial count,Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria showed an upward trend over time(P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences(P<0.01)in the total bacterial count and the total coliform bacteria in drinking water in different seasons,and the highest number of the total bacterial count detected was in summer and autumn,with a lower qualified rate.The total coliform bacteria was higher in winter,with the lowest pass rate,there was no significant difference in Escherichia coli.Totally 9306 water samples were monitored for drinking water in urban areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,with a qualified rate of 97.8%.There were 19292 water samples for monitoring drinking water in rural areas,with a pass rate of 91.7%.Compared with rural areas,the qualified rates of total bacterial count and total coliform bacteria in drinking water in urban areas were significantly higher(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in Escherichia coli.The overall pass rates of microbial indicators in different water periods,including wet season and dry season,were 94.56%and 95.67%,respectively.The overall pass rate of microbial indicators in dry season was higher than that in wet season(P<0.01).In different years,the pass rates of microbial indicators in wet season and dry season showed an overall upward trend,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The qualified rates of microbial indicators in terminal water,finished water and secondary water supply were 95.1%,92.6%and 96.4%,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in the qualified rates of various microbial indicators in different types of drinking water(P<0.01),and among them,the finished water had highest number of detected microbial indicators and the lowest qualified rate of microbial indicators.Conclusion The qualified rate of microbial indicators of drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is increasing,and the overall quality of drinking water is good,although there are certain differences in water quality among different seasons or supply types.It is recommended to continue monitoring and proving guidance on safe drinking water.
作者
王玉莹
葛丽岩
白国辉
范耀春
秦钰涵
刘世宇
WANG Yu-ying;GE Li-yan;BAI Guo-hui;FAN Yao-chun;QIN Yu-han;LIU Shi-yu(Institute of Environmental Health,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Disease Prevention and Control Center(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medical Sciences),Hohhot,Inner Mongoliak 010010,China)
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
2025年第1期24-28,共5页
Journal of Environment and Health
基金
2022年度内蒙古自治区卫生健康科技计划(202201156)
关键词
微生物
饮用水
内蒙古自治区
Microorganism
Drinking water
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
