摘要
江西德兴铜矿一处废石场根据平地、边坡2种地形,分别采用客土法和喷播法2种方式恢复植被,至今复垦15年。该文为调查土壤重金属污染现状,采集0~20 cm表层土壤样品,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICPMS)检测Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Hg、As、Cd等8种重金属含量,采用单因子污染指数、地质累积指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和潜在生态风险指数对废石场土壤重金属污染特征和生态风险进行研究。结果表明,土壤重金属空间分布整体呈平地高于边坡的趋势,平地土壤Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Hg、Cd和边坡土壤Cu、Cr、Ni、Cd含量均不同程度超出江西省土壤背景值。重金属风险评价分析表明,平地的重金属污染程度和生态风险高于边坡,与重金属空间分布趋势吻合,其中Cd的污染程度和生态风险最高。相关性分析显示,平地与边坡的重金属在0.01水平上相关性显著,存在共同的人为和自然污染源。污染最严重的Cd与其他元素之间的相关性不显著,可能主要来自复垦前期农业活动中的化肥施用。
According to the terrain of flat land and slope,a waste-rock yard of Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province adopts two methods to restore vegetation.The flat land was improved by non-polluted vip soil before greening,and the slope was restored by spraying seeding technique.After fifteen years of reclamation,a stable plant community combining arbor,shrub and grass has been formed in the waste-rock yard.In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in soil of the reclamation area,0-20cm surface soil samples were collected from the flat land and slope respectively.The contents of heavy metals including Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Ni,Hg,As and Cd in the samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES)and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Single factor pollution index,geoaccumulation index,Nemero comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index were employed to the assessment of the soil heavy metal pollution levels and potential ecological risk.The results showed that the average content of Cu,Pb,Cr,Ni,Hg and Cd in the soil of the flat area was higher than the background value in Jiangxi Province.And in the slope area,Cu,Cr,Ni and Cd exceeded the background value.The ecological risk assessment indicated that the level of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk in flat areas were higher than those in slopes,which was consistent with the spatial distribution trend of heavy metals.The pollution level and ecological risk of Cd were higher than other heavy metals.The heavy metals in flat and slope area was significantly correlated at the 0.01 level,indicating the existence of common human and natural pollution sources.The correlation between Cd and other heavy metals was not significant,which may mainly come from the application of chemical fertilizers in agricultural activities during the early stage of reclamation.
作者
底明晓
翁晓东
周博
严思明
姜颖
陆远鸿
卢萍
DI Mingxiao;WENG Xiaodong;ZHOU Bo;YAN Siming;JIANG Ying;LU Yuanhong;LU Ping(Institute of Biological Resources,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China;Dexing Copper Mine,Jiangxi Copper Corporation,Dexing 334224,China;Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Jiangxi Technical College of Manufacturing,Nanchang 330095,China)
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第S2期261-270,共10页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32160264)
江西省科学院项目(2022YSBG21005,2023YJC2002,2019-XTPH1-02)
关键词
复垦区
土壤重金属
空间分布
地形
生态风险
reclamation area
soil heavy metals
spatial distribution
terrain
ecological risk
