摘要
目的 了解包头市重点人群碘缺乏病现状,适时采取针对性防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供依据。方法 于2018—2021年,按照《包头市碘缺乏病检测方案》的要求,选择包头市9个区(旗、县)均作为监测地区,每个区(旗、县)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位分别抽取1个乡(镇、街道),在所抽取的乡(镇、街道)各抽取l所小学,每所小学抽取8~10岁非寄宿学生(年龄均衡、男女各半)40人,采集尿样和学生家中食用盐样,检测尿碘和盐碘含量,同时采用B超法测量甲状腺容积,计算甲状腺肿大率;每个监测旗县(市、区)抽取5个苏木(乡镇、街道),每苏木(乡镇、街道)抽取20名孕妇(早、中、晚孕期尽量均衡),采集孕妇尿样和家中食用盐,检测尿碘含量和盐碘含量。结果 儿童盐碘监测7 257份,中位数为22.85~24.80 mg/kg,2018—2020年碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率均达到95%以上,2021年碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率未达到95%;不同年份儿童碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。孕妇盐碘监测2 942份,盐碘中位数为23.1~25.4 mg/kg,各年碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率达到95%以上;不同年份碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2018年孕妇合格碘盐食用率高于2021年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。共监测8~10岁儿童尿样7 257份,尿碘中位数为218.98~233.6μg/L,儿童碘营养状况均为碘超适宜量;共监测孕妇尿样2 942份,孕妇尿碘中位数176.14~206.05μg/L,孕妇碘营养状况均为碘适宜;各旗县区孕妇尿碘中位数中,部分旗县区碘营养状况为缺乏。共检测2 403例8~10岁儿童,检出甲状腺肿大50例,甲状腺肿大率为2.08%。各年份儿童甲状腺肿大率间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中,2018年与2020、2021年有差异。结论 包头市自然环境普遍缺碘,儿童和孕妇碘营养状况总体处于适宜水平,部分旗县区孕妇碘营养缺乏,应加强宣传教育,树立科学补碘意识,与多部门合作因地制宜、分类指导制定科学补碘措施,保持碘缺乏病消除状态,提高人口素质。
Objective To understand the iodine nutrition status of key populations in Baotou,the results of the monitoring of urinary iodine levels and salt iodine content at home for school-age children aged 8 to 10 years and pregnant women in Baotou from 2018-2021 were analyzed.It will also provide a basis for taking targeted prevention and control measures and scientifically adjusting intervention strategies at the right time.Methods In accordance with the requirements of the Baotou Iodine Deficiency Disease Testing Programme,each of the city’s nine districts(counties)was chosen as a monitoring area,with each district(county)selecting one township(town or street)in each of the five directions:east,west,south,north and centre.The urine samples and salt samples from students’homes were collected to test urine iodine and salt iodine levels,while thyroid volume was measured by using ultrasound and the rate of goiter was calculated.20 pregnant women(early,middle and late pregnancy)were chosen from each of the 5 soums(townships/streets)in each monitoring county(city,district),the urine iodine level and salt iodine level were determined.Results From 2018 to 2021,7257 salt iodine tests,the median was 22.85 to 24.80 mg/kg.The iodized salt coverage rate,iodized salt qualification rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate reached more than 95%.But the iodized salt qualification rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate less than 95 percent in 2021,and no significant differences were seen among different years.Of the 2942 pregnant women,the median salt iodine level ranged from 23.1 to 25.4mg/kg,and the iodized salt coverage rate,iodized salt qualification rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate were above 95%,without significant differences among years.The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was greater in 2018 compared with 2021.The median urinary iodine level of 7257 urine samples of children ranged from 218.98 to 233.6μg/L.The iodine nutritional status of all the children was above the appropriate iodine level.The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women ranged from 176.14 to 206.05μg/L.The iodine nutritional status of pregnant women were all iodine appropriate.Among the median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women in each county,some of the areas,the iodine nutrition status was deficiency.Of 2403 children,50 cases of goitre were found,with the goiter rate of 2.08 percent,and the differences were significant among 2018,2020 and 2021.Conclusion The natural environment in Baotou is generally iodine deficient,the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women is generally at an appropriate level,while some counties have iodine nutrition deficiency in pregnant women,and the scientific iodine supplementation measures should be developed based on local conditions.
作者
唐彬彬
徐艳林
程静
王宏
TANG Bin-bin;XU Yan-lin;CHENG Jing;WANG Hong(Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baotou,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 014030,China)
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
北大核心
2023年第4期334-339,共6页
Journal of Environment and Health
关键词
碘缺乏病
监测结果
甲状腺肿大率
Iodine deficiency disorders
Monitoring results
Goiter incidence
