摘要
科技创新是推动高质量发展的核心动力,财政在其中发挥着关键的支持作用。然而,传统的财政支持科技创新体系已难以满足我国当前对科技创新的需求,现有理论在分析财政支持科技创新方面也存在一定局限性。为此,本文引入社会演化理论,从创新的不确定性本质出发,揭示了“意外”与“巩固”循环的内在机制,构建了科技创新演化的分析框架,深入剖析了财政在科技创新“变异-选择-遗传”环节中发挥的关键作用——财政资金培育创新的“变异”、财政制度引导创新的“选择”、财政政策保障创新的“遗传”。本文进一步对比了演化视角下中美两国财政支持科技创新的模式,在此基础上提出了我国财政支持科技创新的优化路径,为实现高水平科技自立自强提供理论依据和实践参考。
Scientific and technological innovation is the core driving force for promoting high-quality development,and fiscal policy plays a key role in supporting this process.However,the traditional fiscal support system for technological innovation can no longer meet the current demands for innovation in China.Existing theories also have certain limitations when analyzing fiscal support for technological innovation.To address this,this paper introduces social evolution theory,starting from the uncertain nature of innovation,revealing the internal mechanism of the"surprise"and"consolidation"cycles.It constructs an analytical framework for the evolution of technological innovation and provides an indepth analysis of the key role that fiscal policy plays in the"mutation-selection-heritability"stages of technological innovation:fiscal funds nurture the"mutation"of innovation,fiscal systems guide the"selection"of innovation,and fiscal policies ensure the"heritability"of innovation.This paper further compares the fiscal support models for technological innovation in China and the United States from an evolutionary perspective,and based on this comparison,proposes an optimization path for China's fiscal support for technological innovation,providing theoretical foundations and practical references for achieving high-level technological self-reliance and strength.
作者
姚东旻
徐傲晗
彭卓然
Yao Dongmin;Xu Aohan;Peng Zhuoran(Center for China Fiscal Development,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《南开经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第12期67-84,共18页
Nankai Economic Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“政府预决算视角下提升我国国家创新体系整体效能的财政体制与政策研究”(20AJY020)和国家社会科学基金重点项目“优化政府间事权和财权划分研究”(20AZD041)的资助。
关键词
社会演化理论
创新本质
科技创新
基础研究
财政支持
Social Evolutionary Theory
Nature of Innovation
Technological Innovation
Basic Research
Fiscal Support
