摘要
Pyrolysis is one method for treating sewage sludge,particularly in remote areas or decentralised systems.The end product of pyrolysis,sludge-char,can serve as a soil improver.However,there is a lack of comprehensive data on the organic pollutants’behaviour in sludge-char.In our work,we focused on the behaviour of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).Sludge was pyrolyzed at 200-700°C to determine the minimum safe temperature for effective PFASs removal.It is important to note that PFASs may not only be mineralized but also cleaved to unanalyzed PFASs and other organofluorinated substances.To address this issue,we incorporated additional measurements of organic fluorine in the experiment using combustion ion chromatography(CIC).Due to the inherent heterogeneity of sludge,containing a variety of pollutants and their precursors,we conducted pyrolysis on artificially contaminated sand.This allowed us to assess and compare the behaviour of PFASs in a homogeneous matrix.Based on our analyses,we determined that a temperature greater than 400°C is imperative for effective PFASs and organic fluorine removal.The results were verified by analyzing samples from a commercial sludge pyrolysis unit at the Bohuslavice-Trutnov WWTP,which confirmed our measurements.In light of these results,it becomes evident that sludge pyrolysis below 400°C is unsuitable for PFAS removal from sewage sludge.
出处
《Biochar》
CSCD
2024年第1期559-572,共14页
生物炭(英文)
基金
supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic-project QK21020022,Czech Academy of Sciences AV 21-Sustainable energy,and Specific university research grant No.A1_FTOP_2024_001 and A2_FTOP_2023_015
supported by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic(project No.SS02030008,program:Prostředíproživot).
