摘要
镍、钴属于新能源金属,在高端制造业、合金材料、新能源电池等领域具有不可替代性,需求量逐年陡增。但国内镍钴矿产资源原料极度短缺,对外依存度已高达93%和99%,潜在资源安全威胁凸显,加强国内镍钴矿产资源勘查已迫在眉睫。本文系统分析了我国镍钴矿产资源成矿特征,无论是成矿类型,还是构造背景特征,与全球均存在显著不同。全球60%的镍资源主要赋存于红土型镍钴矿床中,40%的镍资源则储存在岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床内,而我国镍资源的93%赋存在岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床中。世界上60%的钴资源来自沉积型铜钴矿床、23%的岩浆型镍钴矿床、15%的红土型镍钴矿床及2%的热液型含钴矿床,而我国钴资源45%赋存于岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床内、40%的钴资源赋存在与热液相关矿床中,受赋存状态及开发利用条件限制,这部分赋存在热液矿床中的钴资源尚不能有效利用。可见,我国镍钴资源关键来源是岩浆型镍钴矿床。对比我国岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床成矿特征及地质分布特点,本文提出我国岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床独特的资源禀赋条件,重要结合带旁侧滞后发育的铁质系列镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩是镍钴资源赋存的关键空间,明确勘查工作的重点方向。另外,分析认为,加强钴矿赋存状态研究,创新破解开发利用条件限制,是实现钴资源增储上产的关键路径。这为指导镍钴资源勘查、助力找矿新突破提供了重要依据。
Nickel and cobalt are new energy metals that are irreplaceable in high-end manufacturing,alloy materials,new energy batteries,and other fields,and their demand is increasing sharply every year.However,there is an extreme shortage of raw materials for domestic Ni and Co mineral resources,and Ni and Co dependence on foreign countries has reached as high as 93%and 99%,respectively.The potential resource security threats are highlighted,and it is urgent to strengthen the exploration of domestic nickel and cobalt mineral resources.This article systematically analyzes the metallogenic characteristics of nickel and cobalt mineral resources in China.Whether it is the mineralization type or the structural background characteristics,they are significantly different from those around the world.Sixty percent of the world s nickel resources are found mainly in laterite-type nickel-cobalt deposits,40%of the nickel resources are stored in magmatic nickel-cobalt sulfide deposits.However,93%of China s nickel resources are found in magmatic nickel-cobalt sulfide deposits.Globally,cobalt resources come from sedimentary copper-cobalt deposits(60%),magmatic nickel-cobalt sulfide deposits(23%),laterite nickel-cobalt deposits(15%),and hydrothermal deposits(2%).Whereas 45%of China s cobalt resources occur within magmatic nickel-cobalt sulfide deposits,and 40%of the cobalt resources are hidden in hydrothermal-related deposits.Due to restrictions on occurrence status and utilization conditions,cobalt resources in hydrothermal-related deposits cannot be effectively utilized.Thus,the key to nickel and cobalt resources in China is magmatic nickel and cobalt sulfide deposits.Based on the mineralization characteristics and geological distribution characteristics,this study proposes the unique resource endowment conditions of China s magmatic nickel-cobalt sulfide deposits.The delayed mafic-ultramafic intrusions near the geological junction zone are the key space for the occurrence of nickel and cobalt resources.It is the key direction for geological exploration.The research on the occurrence status of cobalt ores and the innovation to crack the constraints on utilization are the key paths to increasing the reserves and the production of cobalt resources.This guides for the exploration of nickel and cobalt resources and can help achieve breakthroughs in mineral exploration.
作者
张照伟
吴华英
谭文娟
王亚磊
邵继
李文渊
ZHANG ZhaoWei;WU HuaYing;TAN WenJuan;WANG YaLei;SHAO Ji;LI WenYuan(Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits,MNR,Xi an Center of CGS,Xi an 710054,China;Institute of Mineral Resources Research,China Metallurgical Geology Bureau,Beijing 101300,China;Uranium Geological Bureau of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《岩石学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期416-430,共15页
Acta Petrologica Sinica
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专题(2019QZKK0801)
国家自然科学基金地质联合基金项目(U2244204)
陕西省创新能力支撑计划-创新人才推进计划-岩浆作用成矿与找矿创新团队(2020TD-030)
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20240128)联合资助.
关键词
镁铁-超镁铁质岩
镍钴矿床
资源禀赋
找矿潜力
勘查空间
Mafic-ultramafic rocks
Nickel-cobalt deposits
Resource endowment
Prospecting potential
Exploration space
