摘要
随着全球范围内大规模页岩气和地热等能源的开发,在部分开采区工业开采活动诱发了大量地震活动;造成了较大的社会影响,引发了专家和学者的关注,开展了广泛的研究也发表了大量的综述文章.不同于其他综述,本文重点关注废水回注、水力压裂、增强型地热系统三类典型流体注入诱发地震活动研究,通过大量文献调研综合分析了流体注入诱发地震活动的研究现状与进展,梳理了流体注入诱发地震活动的震源参数以及震源机制解、应力及其变化、流体注入诱发地震预测等方面的研究进展;总结了流体注入诱发地震活动的相关特征.综合分析发现:1.流体注入诱发地震活动在时间上与工业注水活动密切相关,大多数发生在注水操作期间、发震速率峰值在注水操作期间;2.流体注入诱发地震活动的空间分布与操作井的位置、作业储层的深度以及该区域先存断层的分布综合相关;主要呈现近井孔、深度较浅,丛集的诱发地震活动簇沿先存断层分布等特征;3.部分流体注入诱发地震活动的震源参数如应力降较小、震源机制解存在非双力偶分量,但目前震源参数以及震源机制解的非双力偶分量是否作为一个识别诱发地震的指标仍存在争议;4.流体注入诱发地震的应力研究可以确定诱发地震所发生的区域应力场,评估先存断层的应力状态、模拟孔隙压的变化有助于确定诱发地震活动的发震机理;5.对于流体注入诱发地震活动所处不同区域的地质构造背景、应力状态、注水操作参数等存在很大差异,目前虽然诱发地震活动的相关研究已取得了一定的认识,但仍需要进一步的案例分析以及更丰富的理论研究,以确定其发震机理和活动特征.
In recent years, large-scale global development of the shale gas, geothermal and other energy resources has led to a large number of seismic activities in some energy exploitation areas, which have caused great social impact. This has sparked the attention of experts and academics, extensive research has been carried out and a large number of reviews have been published. This paper focuses on the fluid injection-induced earthquake caused by three typical fluid injection activities, namely wastewater reinjection, hydraulic fracturing and enhanced geothermal system.Through a large number of literature research, the author comprehensively analyzed the research status and progress of the fluid injection-induced seismic activities, summarized the spatio-temporal characteristics of fluid injection-induced seismicies, and combed the research progress of source parameters and source mechanism solutions, stress and its changes, fluid injection-induced seismic prediction and risk management and control.After comprehensive analysis, We find that: 1.Seismicity induced by fluid injection is closely related to industrial operations in time, most of which occur during injection operation and peak seismic rate during injection operation. 2.The spatial distribution of fluid injection-induced seismicity correlates with the location of the operating wells, the depth of the operating reservoir and the distribution of pre-existing faults in the area. It mainly shows the characteristics of near well hole, shallow depth, and induced earthqukes cluster along the pre-existing faults. 3.The source parameters of some fluid injection induced earthquake, such as small stress drop and non-double force component of the source mechanism solution, but whether the source parameters and the non-double couple component of the source mechanism solution are still controversial as an indicator to identify induced earthquakes. 4.The stress study of fluid injection induced earthquakes can determine the regional stress field of induced earthquakes, evaluate the stress state of pre-existing faults, and simulate the change of pore pressure to determine the seismic mechanism of induced seismic activity.5.Although some understanding of the relevant research on induced seismic activity has been obtained, further case studies and richer theoretical studies are needed to determine the seismic mechanism and characteristics of the fluid injection induced earthquake.
作者
张娜
周连庆
李志恒
温增平
ZHANG Na;ZHOU LianQing;LI ZhiHeng;WEN ZengPing(Institute of Geophysics,China Eaerthquake Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Shanxi Earthquake Agency,Taiyuan 030000,China;Institute of Earthquke Forecasting,China Eaerthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China;Shandong Earthquake Agency,Jinan 250014,China)
出处
《地球物理学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期2188-2206,共19页
Progress in Geophysics
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0710603)
国家自然科学基金项目(42174066)
中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务费专项(CEAIEF20230210)联合资助。
关键词
废水回注
水力压裂
增强型地热系统
Water disposal
Hydraulic fracturing
Enhanced geothermal system
