摘要
目的 调查盲校≤ 16岁盲童盲目和严重视力损害的解剖部位及原因 ,以确定潜在的可预防性和可治疗性因素。方法 采用世界卫生组织防盲计划儿童盲及低视力眼检查记录表 ,对 1998年 4月至 1999年 5月间华东地区 7所盲校 385例年龄≤ 16岁盲童盲目及低视力进行调查 ,并分析其致盲原因。结果 385例盲童盲目和严重视力损害 35 6例 (92 5 % )。最常见致盲解剖部位依次为晶状体 98例 (2 7 5 % )、视网膜 80例 (2 2 5 % )、眼球 5 4例 (15 2 % )及视神经 5 3例 (14 9% )。致盲眼病依次为 :白内障 94例 (2 6 4 % )、视网膜营养障碍 38例 (10 7% )及视神经发育不良 30例 (8 4 % )等。致盲原因依次为 :遗传性因素 12 5例 (35 1% )、脑膜炎 19例 (5 3% )、外伤 10例 (2 8% )、维生素A缺乏 2例(0 6 % )及麻疹 3例等 (0 8% ) ,因母孕期服用药物或酗酒所致者 2 2例 (6 2 % ) ,早产儿性视网膜病变10例 (2 8% )。因维生素A缺乏或感染所致的角膜瘢痕并非为主要的致盲因素。可避免性盲 16 9例(47 5 % ) ,其中可预防性盲 82例 (2 3 0 % ) ,可治疗性盲 87例 (2 4 4 % )。结论 遗传性因素是目前盲童的主要致盲原因。
Objective To determine the anatomical sites and underlying causes of blindness and severe visual impairment (BL/SVI), potentially preventable and treatable causes in East China Methods Between April 1998 and May 1999, a total of 385 children attending seven blind school in East China area were examined, and WHO Prevention of Blindness Program (WHO/PBL) Eye Examination Record for children with blindness and low vision was used Results Of the 385 children, 356 (92 5%) were blind or visually impaired severely (visual acuity less than 0 1 in the better eye) The commonest anatomical sites of BL/SVI were lens (27 5%), retina (22 5%), whole globe (15 2%) and optic nerve (14 9%) The commonest eye diseases were cataract (26 4%), retinal dystrophy (10 7%), optic nerve hypoplasia (8 4%) The aetiologic causes were hereditary factors (35 1%), meningitis (5 3%), trauma (2 8%), vitamin A deficiency (0 6%) and so on, drugs or alcohol taken during pregnancy (6 2%), retinopathy of premature infant (2 8%) Corneal scarring due to vitamin A deficiency or infection was not a major cause of visual loss It was considered that 47 5% of cases were avoidable blindness, i e 23 0% potentially preventable and 24 4% potentially treatable Conclusions Along with the improvement of health and socio economic status, nutritional and infective causes of blindness are uncommon, and now hereditary factors become the major causes in children We shall propagandize rudimentary knowledge of ophthalmology actively, and strengthen the building of pediatric ophthalmology, so as to prevent and treat childhood blindness better
出处
《中华眼科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第12期747-749,共3页
Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology
基金
防盲基金会
德国防盲基金会及爱德基金会
