摘要
农业有万年以上的历史 ,每一次在技术和劳动工具上的突破 ,都会使农业生产力水平提升一个新的台阶。原始农业始于野生动植物的驯化 ;金属农具和精耕细作技术开创了四千年辉煌的传统农业文明 ;而近代生物学和农业化学的理论突破 ,以及育种、化肥、农药、农业机械的出现又将传统农业推进到了近代农业时期。近代农业使 2 0世纪的农业高速发展 ,但也带来了化学物质污染、资源被破坏以及高能源的投入。2 0世纪后期 ,可持续发展的时代理念以及以生物技术和信息技术为主体的新的农业科技革命又揭开了农业发展历程新的一页 ,现代农业时代出现了。现代农业是以生物技术和信息技术为先导的 ,现代技术高度密集的科技型产业 ;是面向全球经济和农工贸一体化经营的商品农业 ;是正在拓展中的多元化和综合性的新型产业 ;是资源节约和可持续发展的绿色产业。
Agriculture has a history of over 10,000 years. Every significant break-through of technology and tool of labor promoted agriculture up to a new technical platform and made a leap for productive force. Primitive agriculture originated in animal and plant domestication and use of stone farming tools. Usage of metal farming tools and intensive cultivation initiated the traditional agriculture above 4,000 years. Furthermore, the theoretical break-through in recent biology and agro-chemistry as well as creation of breeding techno- logy, chemical fertilizer, pesticide and agricultural machinery promoted the traditional agriculture into recent agriculture. Recent agriculture made a high speed development for the agricultural productive force in 20th century, which was never achieved in the history. However, it also caused tremendous problems to the mo- dern society with chemical pollution, damage of natural resources and heavy investment of energy. In the late 20 th century, the era principal of sustainable development and a new science and technology revolution in agriculture guided by biological technology and information technology turned a new page for agriculture development. Era of modern agriculture has arisen. Although modern agriculture has just begun, its distinct feature has been shown. Modern agriculture is a scientific and technical industry with highly intensive technology guided by biological technology and information technology; a modern enterprise with combined management of agriculture, industry and commerce; a new diversifying and comprehensive industry and a green industry with saving natural resources and sustainable development.
出处
《中国农业科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
2002年第6期7-10,共4页
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
