摘要
生物的发生、发展和灭亡,总是与生物的熵变(dS)密切相关的。当dS>0时,生物解体;dS=0时,生物保持原有的稳定状态;dS<0时,则出现新的有序的耗散结构。生物的熵变所引起的涨落决定了生物演化表现为由于涨落回归而保持的长期稳定性及涨落导致的短时间内的成种作用。从生物熵的变化解释了地质记录上中间过渡类型的缺失、辐射,活化石和生物大量绝灭等现象。
Organism is an open system. Its entropy includes two parts. One is called'entropy product'(des) that is caused by the exhaustion of structure. The other is called 'entropy current'(dis)that is produced when organism exchanges energy and matter with environment. The occuration, development and extinction of organism are always closely related to change of entropy. When dS>0, organism will break up. When dS≈0, organism will keep original shape and properties. When dS<0, new disspative structre will occure. ??e fluctuation caused by the change of biological entropy decides the model of organic evolution. The model expresses that the organism keep stability in long term because of flctua tion, regression and speciation; in short period because of big fluctuation. According to the change of biological entropy these phenomena can be explained such as the miss of transitional types, radiation, the existence of alive fossils and mass-extinction of fauna in the geological record.
关键词
生物
演化
熵
耗散结构
涨落
organism
organic evolution
entropy
entropy product
entropy current
dissipative structure
f1uctuation
