摘要
秦汉乡村借贷既非古典借贷,亦非严格意义上的高利贷,它只是被当时乡村社会所普遍接受的特有借贷形式。这一借贷形式具有较强内循性,多以乡村居民间借贷为主,富商大贾以及城市商业资本难以介入;也有较强应急性,多是乡村居民生存急需时的借贷行为,经营性或扩大再生产的借贷颇为少见;还有较强行政性,王朝官方既是重要放贷方,又是监管者与仲裁人,直接介入乡村经济事务。这些特点减少了商品经济对乡村社会的冲击,在一定时期内有利于乡村社会发展与繁荣。但是,从长时段视角看,它也影响乡村社会对外来经济要素的接纳,制约乡村社会进一步发展,使其长期处于简单再生产的循环之中。
Rural loans in the Qin and Han Dynasties were neither classical loans nor usury in the strict sense,but a unique form of loan generally accepted by rural society at that time.This form of loan was highly self-circulating within rural areas,with loans mainly among rural residents,and it was difficult for wealthy merchants and urban commercial capital to intervene.It was also highly emergency-oriented,with loans mostly provided when rural residents were in urgent need of survival,and loans for operational or expanded reproduction were quite rare.It was also highly administrative,with the imperial court acting as both a major lender,and a regulator and arbitrator,directly involved in rural economic affairs.These features reduced the impact of the commodity economy on rural society.And they were conducive to the development and prosperity of rural society in a certain period of time.However,from a long-term perspective,it also affected the acceptance of external economic factors by rural society,restricted the further development of rural society,and kept it in the cycle of simple reproduction for a long time.
作者
马新
MA Xin(Shool of History,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong,250100,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
北大核心
2025年第1期75-87,共13页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国古代城乡关系研究”(19BZS123)。
关键词
秦汉
乡村社会
借贷关系
Qin and Han Dynasties
rural society
loan relationship
