摘要
内蒙古自治区具有独特的草原生态系统,对维持生物多样性、促进土壤养分循环以及提供畜牧业支持等发挥着重要作用。然而,近年来随着气候变化和人类活动的影响,这些生态系统服务面临诸多挑战。选取内蒙古地区的呼伦贝尔草原、希拉穆仁草原、锡林郭勒草原、克什克腾草原及科尔沁草原5大代表性草原区作为研究对象,通过实地调查与数据分析,评估各草原区的草原供给服务(年产草量)、土壤质量(有机质、全氮、全磷含量)以及生物多样性。对多种建群种植被下的土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量进行系统分析,以探讨不同植被类型对土壤质量的影响。研究发现:呼伦贝尔草原在年产草量和土壤养分含量方面表现最优,而锡林郭勒草原尽管载畜量最高,其土壤养分和生物多样性却相对较低。羊草群落下的土壤有机质含量丰富,百里香和羊草的全氮含量高,羊草的全磷含量也最高,显示出建群种对土壤养分的重要影响力。在生物多样性调查中,呼伦贝尔草原的Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数均最高。建议对生物多样性高、土壤质量好的区域实施生态保护措施;对土壤养分较低、生物多样性差的区域采取恢复措施,如禁牧、轮牧和人工播种等,同时加强土壤养分管理和合理放牧,以提升生态系统服务功能,保障生态安全和可持续发展。通过长期生态监测和社区参与,可持续有效地管理内蒙古草原资源。
The Inner Mongolia region possesses unique grassland ecosystems that play crucial roles in maintaining biodiversity,promoting soil nutrient cycling,and supporting livestock production.However,these ecosystem services have faced numerous challenges in recent years due to climate change and human activities.This study selected the representative grassland areas of Hulunbuir grassland,Xilamuren grassland,Xilingol grassland,Heshigten grassland,and Horqin grassland in Inner Mongolia for investigation.Through field surveys and data analysis,the grass supply services(including annual grass production and carrying capacity),soil quality(organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus content),and biodiversity of each grassland area were assessed.Additionally,a systematic analysis of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus content under various vegetation types was conducted to explore the impacts of different vegetation types on soil quality.The study found that the Hulunbuir grassland exhibited optimal performance in terms of annual grass production and soil nutrient content,while the Xilingol grassland,despite having the highest carrying capacity,showed relatively lower soil nutrients and biodiversity.The soil organic matter content was high under the sheepgrass community,with high total nitrogen content in thyme and sheepgrass,and the highest total phosphorus content in sheepgrass,indicating the significant influence of vegetation types on soil nutrients.In terms of biodiversity assessment,the Shannon-Wiener index and richness index of Hulunbuir grassland were the highest.Significant regional differences exist in the provision of ecosystem services by rural vegetation in Inner Mongolia,and optimization strategies should be tailored to specific conditions in each region.It is recommended to implement ecological conservation measures in areas with high biodiversity and good soil quality,while restoration measures such as grazing prohibition,rotational grazing,and artificial seeding should be adopted in regions with low soil nutrients and poor biodiversity.Furthermore,improving soil nutrient management and implementing sustainable grazing practices can enhance ecosystem service functions,ensuring ecological security and sustainable development.Long-term ecological monitoring and community engagement are essential for the sustainable management of Inner Mongolia grassland resources.
作者
苑升旺
赵博洋
YUAN Shengwang;ZHAO Boyang(School of Design,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010010,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2025年第2期83-92,共10页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021BS05009)
内蒙古师范大学基本科研业务费项目(2023JBQN051)。
关键词
乡土植被
生态系统服务
评估
内蒙古
rural vegetation
ecosystem services
assessment
Inner Mongolia
