摘要
通过2020—2022年定位试验,研究水肥一体化条件下不同水肥套餐对蜜柚产量、品质及经济效益等的影响,为探索和实践蜜柚水肥一体化施肥模式提供依据。对平和蜜柚高低产园分别设置4种处理方式:(1)TF(常规施肥)、(2)30%WF(30%水肥套餐)、(3)50%WF(50%水肥套餐)、(4)70%WF(70%水肥套餐)。2020—2022年定位试验结果表明:水溶肥套餐不同程度减量施肥对蜜柚产量影响差异显著,高低产园年平均产量影响均为:70%W>50%WF>TF>30%WF;高产园50%WF、70%WF处理比TF处理年平均增产率分别为12.43%、24.67;低产园50%WF、70%WF处理比TF处理年平均增产率分别为15.05%、26.80%;高、低产园蜜柚年平均产量均以70%WF处理最高(高产园67845.5 kg/hm^(2)、低产园53495.5 kg/hm^(2)),低产园增产幅度大于高产园;高、低产园中年平均次果率均以70%WF效果最佳(高产园5.71%、低产园4.67%)。高、低产园不同水溶肥套餐施肥处理对蜜柚果肉粒化率无显著影响,但对单果重、果肉重影响较为显著;且不同水溶肥套餐施肥处理蜜柚裂果率年际变异大;70%水溶肥套餐施肥明显改善了蜜柚基本农艺性状,提高单果重,降低裂果率。2021、2021年高、低产园中4种处理可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸度增减幅度不大,各处理间差异不显著;70%水溶肥套餐蜜柚各品质指标均为最佳。高产园50%WF、70%WF处理年平均最终净收益较TF处理分别增收30.58%、47.79%。年平均产投比以70%WF处理最高(4.29∶1),较TF处理高1.31倍。低产园50%WF、70%WF处理年平均最终净收益较TF处理分别增收40.41%、59.67%。年平均产投比以70%WF处理最高(3.63∶1),比TF处理高1.17倍;高、低产园中均以70%水溶肥套餐处理经济效益最高,低产园经济效益增幅大于高产园。水肥一体化模式下不同水肥套餐减量施肥具有提高蜜柚产量、经济效益和改善品质等效果,且在高低产园中蜜柚施用70%WF处理对提高蜜柚产量、经济效益和改善品质等效果最好,为最佳施肥处理,推荐应用。
The study investigated the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on yield,quality,and eco-nomic benefits of pomelo under the condition of water and fertilizer integration to provide a basis for exploring and practicing the integrated fertilization model of water and fertilizer for pomelo through a 3-year fixed position experi-ment.Four treatment methods were set up for Pinghe honey pomelo yield orchard:conventional fertilization(TF),30%water and fertilizer package(30%WF),50%water and fertilizer package(50%WF),and 70%water and fertilizer pack-age(70%WF).The results showed that the effect of different degrees of reduced fertilization with a water-soluble fer-tilizer package on the yield of pomelo was significant.The average yield was as follows:70%W>50%WF>TF>30%WF.The average 3-year yield increase rate of 50%WF,and 70%WF treatments in high-yield orchards was 12.43%,and 24.67%,respectively,compared to TF treatment.The average annual yield increase rate of 50%WF,and 70%WF treat-ments in low yield orchards compared to TF treatments was 15.05%,and 26.80%,respectively.The average 3-year yield of honey pomelo in high-yield and low yield orchards was the highest in the 70%WF treatment(high-yield orchards 67845.5 kg/hm^(2),low yield orchards 53495.5 kg/hm^(2)),and the yield increase in low yield orchards was greater than that in high yield orchards.70%WF had the best 3-year average secondary fruit rate in both high and low yield orchards(5.71%in high yield orchards and 4.67%in low yield orchards).The application of different water-soluble fertilizer combina-tions in high-yield and low yield orchards had no significant effect on the granulation rate of pomelo flesh,but had a more significant impact on single fruit weight and flesh weight.Moreover,there was a significant interannual variation in the cracking rate of honey pomelo treated with different water-soluble fertilizer combinations.The 70%water-soluble fertilizer package significantly improved the basic agronomic traits of pomelo,increased single fruit weight,and re-duced fruit cracking rate.The increase and decrease in soluble solids,soluble sugars,and titratable acidity of the four treatments in high-yield and low yield orchards after 2 years were not significant,and there was no significant difference among the treatments.The 70%water-soluble fertilizer package had the best quality indicators for honey pomelo.The 3-year average final net income of high-yield orchards treated with 50%WF,and 70%WF increased by 30.58%,and 47.79%compared to the TF treatment,respectively.The 3-year average production to investment ratio was the highest in the 70%WF treatment(4.29∶1),which is 1.31 times higher than that of the TF treatment.The 3-year average final net income of low yield parks treated with 50%WF,and 70%WF increased by 40.41%,and 59.67%compared to the TF treatment,respectively.The 3-year average production to investment ratio was the highest in the 70%WF treatment(3.63∶1),which is 1.17 times higher than that of the TF treatment.The 70%water-soluble fertilizer package treatment had the highest economic benefits in both high and low yield orchards,with the economic benefits of low yield orchards increasing more than those of high yield orchards.Under the integrated mode of water and fertilizer,different water and fertilizer combinations with reduced fertilization had the effect of increasing the yield and economic benefits,improving the quality of honey pomelo,and the application of 70%WF treatment in high and low yield orchards had the best effect on improving the yield and economic benefits,and improving the quality of honey pomelo.This is the best fertilization treatment and is recommended for application.
作者
张青
孔庆波
栗方亮
黄煌伟
ZHANG Qing;KONG Qingbo;LI Fangliang;HUANG Huangwei(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Pinghe County Soil,Fertilizer,Ecological and Energy Station,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363700,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期123-134,共12页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
福建省农业科学院对外合作项目(No.DWHZ-2022-03,No.DWHZ-2022-07)
福建省高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(No.XTCXGC2021009)。
关键词
减量施肥
蜜柚
质量
经济效益
水肥一体化
reduced fertilization
honey pomelo
quality
economic performance
integration of water and fertilizer
