摘要
目的探究近视儿童和青少年双眼视状况及其影响因素。方法随机选取进行视力检查的120例儿童与青少年,分为中学组、小学组,各60例。运用自制问卷调查量表收集所有儿童与青少年的基本信息、近视情况,包括年龄、性别、父母近视情况、每日户外活动时间、每日看电视时间、每日看手机时间、每日看电脑时间、每周做眼保健操次数等;分析近视儿童和青少年双眼视状况及其影响因素。结果120例儿童与青少年中,发现近视者共计66例,近视发生率达到55.00%。其中,小学组共有27例,近视率达到45.00%;中学组共有39例,近视率达到65.00%。中学组近视率高于小学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小学组与中学组近视严重程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着学段的升高,其轻度近视率下降,中度近视率、重度近视率有所升高。通过赋值和单因素分析,近视组年龄(13.24±1.62)岁,男28例、女38例,父母均近视24例、父母一方近视31例、父母均无近视11例,每日户外活动时间≥2 h 22例,每日看电视时间≥2 h 40例,每日看手机时间≥2 h 35例,每日看电脑时间≥2 h 36例,每周做眼保健操次数0次22例、1~3次36例、>3次8例;非近视组年龄(10.32±1.42)岁,男35例、女19例,父母均近视21例、父母一方近视13例、父母均无近视20例,每日户外活动时间≥2 h 35例、每日看电视时间≥2 h 21例,每日看手机时间≥2 h 18例,每日看电脑时间≥2 h 17例,每周做眼保健操次数0次24例、1~3次12例、>3次18例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过Logistic回归分析,年龄大、女性、父母均近视、每日看电视时间≥2 h、每日看手机时间≥2 h、每日看电脑时间≥2 h是儿童与青少年近视的危险因素(P<0.05),每日户外活动时间≥2 h、每周做眼保健操次数1~3次以及>3次是儿童与青少年近视的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论儿童与青少年近视发病率偏高,主要受诸多因素影响,应该合理规范学生的作息时间,才能降低近视的发生几率。
Objective To explore the binocular vision status and influencing factors in myopic children and adolescents.Methods 120 children and adolescents who underwent visual examinations were randomly selected and divided into a secondary school group and an primary school group,each with 60 cases.Using a self-administered questionnaire scale,basic information and myopia status of all children and adolescents were collected,including age,gender,parental myopia,daily outdoor activity time,daily TV time,daily cell phone time,daily computer time,and the number of eye exercises per week.Binocular vision status of myopic children and adolescents and its influencing factors were analyzed.Results Among the 120 children and adolescents,a total of 66 cases of myopia were found,with a myopia prevalence of 55.00%.Among them,there were 27 cases in the primary school group,with a myopia rate of 45.00%,and 39 cases in the secondary school group,with a myopia rate of 65.00%.The myopia rate of middle school group was higher than that of primary school group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was significant difference in myopia severity between primary school group and secondary school group(P<0.05).As the academic stage increases,the rate of mild myopia decreases,while the rates of moderate and severe myopia increase.Through the assignment and univariate analysis,the myopia group had 38 females and 28 males,aged(13.24±1.62)years;both parents were myopic in 24 cases,one parent was myopic in 31 cases,and neither parent was myopic in 11 cases;the daily outdoor activity time was≥2 h in 22 cases,the daily TV time was≥2 h in 40 cases,the daily cell phone time was≥2 h in 35 cases,the daily computer time was≥2 h in 36 cases;the number of eye exercises per week was 0 times in 22 cases,1-3 times in 36 cases,>3 times in 8 cases.In the non-myopic group,there were 35 males and 19 females,aged(10.32±1.42)years;both parents were myopic in 21 cases,one parent was myopic in 13 cases,and neither parent was myopic in 20 cases;the daily outdoor activity time was≥2 h in 35 cases,daily TV time was≥2 h in 21 cases,daily cell phone time was≥2 h in 18 cases,and daily computer time was≥2 h in 17 cases;the number of eye exercises per week was 0 times in 24 cases,1-3 times in 12 cases,>3 times in 18 cases.There was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that older age,being female,both parents being myopic,watching TV≥2 h per day,daily cell phone time≥2 h,and daily computer time≥2 h were risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents(P<0.05),and daily outdoor activity time≥2 h,doing eye exercises 1-3 times per week and>3 times per week were protective factors for myopia in children and adolescents(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of myopia among children and adolescents is high,which is mainly affected by many factors.It is necessary to regulate students'work and rest time reasonably to reduce the incidence of myopia.
作者
何娇
HE Jiao(Shangli County Tongmu Epidemic Prevention and Health Station,Pingxiang 337009,China)
出处
《中国实用医药》
2024年第18期34-38,共5页
China Practical Medicine
关键词
近视
儿童
青少年
影响因素
双眼视状况
Myopia
Children
Adolescents
Influencing factors
Binocular vision status
