摘要
公共数据作为构建国家数据基础制度的核心概念,其内涵和外延尚不明确。绝大多数地方立法和大多数学术观点均采用规范主义进路定义公共数据,致使公共数据概念不符合数据开放利用的客观需要,不匹配数据开放的制度目标。公共数据开放制度遵循功能主义建构逻辑,应当转变思路采用功能主义建构模式识别公共数据。首先,应限缩理解公共数据,紧密围绕开放利用的目的,将公共数据限定为可以作为开放数据供社会开发利用的数据。其次,依据公共使用价值标准阐释公共数据的公共性含义,即公共数据是指具有较高开发利用价值和公共使用性的数据。最后,由政府围绕公共数据的本质特征,通过行政规则合理建构公共数据识别制度,包括识别高价值数据的公共数据目录管理制度,识别禁止开放数据的分类分级保护利用制度,以及公共数据识别活动的外部公开和内部备案审查机制。
As the core concepts of the basic institutions of data,the meaning and scope of public data are not yet clear.Most of the local legislation and most academic views define public data a normative perspective,resulting in a concept of public data that does not meet the objective needs of the open data utilization and does not match the institutional objectives of open data.As public data opening follows functionalist models,identifying public data should also change its normative models to functionalist models.Firstly,public data should be understood in a restricted way,closely centered on the purpose of open utilization,and limited to data that can be used as open data for social development and utilization.Secondly,the meaning of the public of public data refers to the public use value.Public data are data with high exploitation value and public usability.Finally,the government should establish a public data identification system around the essential characteristics of public data by formulating administrative rules,including a public data catalog management system for identifying high-value data,a categorization and grading protection and utilization system for identifying prohibited open data,and an external disclosure and internal filing and review mechanism for public data identification activities.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期63-76,共14页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
精品文科项目“新时代国家安全的重大风险挑战及其监管机制研究”(FRF-BR-23-05B)的阶段性成果。
关键词
公共数据
数据开放
功能主义
数据基础制度
数字政府
Public Data
Open Data
Functionalism
Basic Institutions of Data
Digital Government
