摘要
煤层开采后覆岩关键层失去下部支撑,在地层压力作用下断裂沉降是导致一系列采动损害与环境问题的根源,通过充填阻止关键层破断是减少环境损害的源头绿色开采技术。目前我国煤矿充填开采技术得到长足发展,但井下充填采煤存在效率相对较低、成本较高等问题,限制了其推广应用。而创新研发的覆岩隔离注浆充填技术,建立了地面钻孔“一注式减损”高效绿色开采新模式,突破了井下充填效率低的技术瓶颈。覆岩隔离注浆充填是基于采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应对离层产生抑制作用,通过地面钻孔向关键层下进行高压注浆的充填,产生“压下托上”作用,将关键层下方碎胀岩体压实形成支撑体,在采空区形成压实承载结构,阻止关键层断裂。该技术解决了离层注浆充填量少、减沉率低的技术难题,可用于综采、综放工作面,以及单一煤层与多煤层开采;目前该技术已在全国推广应用,解决了东部矿区建筑物压煤开采难题,并在矸石减排、“减震防冲”“减漏保水”等方面开展了工程试验与实践。介绍了“双碳”背景下,针对煤矿充填材料不足问题,进一步研发“煤基固废+CO 2”覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采新技术构想,该技术可取得减沉、减漏、减震、减排、减碳等“一注五减”效果,实现煤炭资源的绿色开采与低碳利用。
After coal seam mining,the overburden key strata lose their lower support and fracture under the action of ground pressure,which is the root cause of mining damage and environmental problems.Conversely,preventing the breakage of key strata through filling is the source of green mining technology to reduce environmental damage.China's coal mine backfilling mining has experienced significant development.However,the relatively low efficiency and high cost of underground backfilling mining limit its promotion and application.The innovative researched and developed technology of overburden isolated grouting backfilling has created a new efficient green mining model of"one injection for damage reduction",breaking through the technical bottleneck of low efficiency of underground backfilling mining.The overburden isolated grouting backfilling which is based on the accumulative effect of unloading expansion of mining overburden with an inhibition for the bed separation,and high pressure grouting is used for key strata through surface boreholes,creating a"pressing and supporting"effect,and the bulking rock mass below the key strata is compacted as a support system,forming a compacted bearing structure in the goaf to prevent the breakage of the key strata.This technology solves the technical problems of both low grouting volume and low subsidence reduction effect with traditional grouting the bed separation.This technology can be used for fully mechanized mining and fully mechanized caving faces,as well as single and multiple coal seams mining.The technology has been widely applied in China,solving the problem of coal mining under buildings in eastern mining areas.Experiments and practices have also been carried out in varied fields such as gangue emission reduction,mine earthquake and burst prevention,water retention and leakage reduction.In view of the issue of insufficient filling materials in coal mines under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,a new green mining technology conception of"coal waste+CO 2"overburden isolated grouting backfilling is being developed to address the problem of insufficient filling materials in coal mines and the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,this technology can achive the goals of green mining effect with"one injection to realize five reductions",covering the reductions of surface subsidence,aquifer leakage,mine earthquake,gauge emission,and carbon emission,and finally achieving the goals of green mining and low-carbon utilization of coal resources.
作者
许家林
轩大洋
李建
XU Jialin;XUAN Dayang;LI Jian(State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
北大核心
2024年第6期74-80,共7页
China Coal
关键词
岩层移动
覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应
关键层
覆岩隔离注浆充填
绿色开采
strata movement
accumulative effect of unloading expansion of overburden
key strata
overburden isolated grouting backfilling
green mining
