摘要
对于负有照护职责人员性侵罪之规范属性的理解,存在拟制规范说、独立规范说以及推定规范说之争。其中,拟制规范说与独立规范说存在诸多理论弊病与缺陷,是不周全的理论解读。应当认为,《刑法》第236条之一并非拟制的“强奸”规定,也不规制照护关系人间的自愿性行为,其只是为了降低照护领域性侵犯罪证明标准所作的法律推定。检方仅需证明该成年男性与14-16周岁未成年女性为照护关系以及二者发生了性关系的事实,法院便能据此推定隐性强制的存在,认为该性关系的发生违背了未成年女性的意志,从而肯定本罪的成立。为实现防控犯罪与保障人权二者之间的协调,立法为本罪设置了适当的刑罚。基于本罪之推定规范的属性,若照护人能证明性关系的发生确系未成年女性自愿,应对其作无罪处理。
For the understanding of the normative attribute of the crime of sexual assault by caregivers,there are controversies between the theory of fictitious norms,the theory of independent norms,and the theory of presumptive norms.Among them,there are many theoretical shortcomings and defects in the first two theories,which are incomplete theoretical interpretations.It should be argued that article 236-1 of the Criminal Law is not a fictional provision for"rape",nor does it regulate consensual sexual acts between persons in care,but is only a legal presumption to lower the standard of proof for the crime of sexual assault in the field of care.The prosecution only needs to prove the fact that the adult male and the minor female between the ages of 14 and 16 were in a caring relationship and that the two had sexual relations,so that the court can presume the existence of implicit coercion and conclude that the sexual relationship took place against the will of the minor female,thus confirming the establishment of this crime.In order to achieve a balance between the prevention and control of crime and the protection of human rights,the legislation established appropriate penalties for this crime.Based on the nature of the presumption of this crime,if the caregiver can prove that sexual relations took place with the consent of the underage girl,he should be acquitted.
作者
周详
黄英
Zhou Xiang;Huang Ying(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)
出处
《湖北警官学院学报》
2024年第2期129-143,共15页
Journal of Hubei University of Police
基金
湖北省教育研究项目“新时代背景下刑事案例演习课程改革——中西经典文学故事中的刑事法理”(2022150)。
关键词
照护关系
性自决权
性同意能力
拟制规范
推定规范
Caregiving Relationships
Sexual Self-determination
Ability to Consent Sexually
Legal Fiction
Legal Presumption
