摘要
竖缝式鱼道作为一种生态补偿工程可有效缓解水利工程对鱼类洄游造成的不利影响,研究合理参数下竖缝式鱼道水力特性对建设经济有效型鱼道具有重要意义。基于物理模型试验与三维数值模拟相结合的方法,在大底坡1∶20情况下,系统分析了9种池室长宽比的“H”型竖缝式鱼道流场分布及水力特性。结果表明:不同池室长宽比下主流均呈“S”型,主流流速最大衰减率为46.4%~61.3%;池室长宽比L∶B=10∶8为大底坡“H”型竖缝式鱼道最佳池室长宽比,该方案池室内水流流态较好,主流向右侧弯曲且曲率最大,存在较大范围的低紊流区,且满足鱼道单位体积消能率的要求,有利于鱼类洄游上溯。研究结果可为大底坡下“H”型竖缝式鱼道参数选取与水力优化设计提供参考依据。
The vertical slot fishway is an ecological compensation structure that can effectively alleviate the adverse impacts of hydraulic engineering on fish migration.It is of great significance to study the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical slot fishway under reasonable parameters for the construction of economical and effective fishways.Based on the combination of physical model experiment and three-dimensional numerical simulation,the flow field distribution and hydraulic characteristics of the H-typed vertical slot fishway of nine different chamber length-to-width ratios are systematically analyzed under the condition of 1∶20 high slope.The results show that the mainstream flow presents an“S”shape under all chamber length-to-width ratios,with the maximum velocity attenuation rate ranging from 46.4%to 61.3%.It is found that the optimal chamber length-to-width ratio L∶B is 10∶8 for the H-typed vertical slot fishway with high slope.Under this ratio,the flow pattern inside the chamber is favorable,with the mainstream bending towards the right and reaching maximum curvature.Meanwhile,low turbulence area reaches the largest,and the fishway meets the requirements of the energy dissipation rate per unit water body,which is beneficial for fish migration and sail upstream.The research results can provide some reference for parameter selection and hydraulic optimization design of H-typed vertical slot fishway with high slope.
作者
邓斌
徐拓
黄姣凤
瞿超雄
张家强
蒋昌波
DENG Bin;XU Tuo;HUANG Jiaofeng;QU Chaoxiong;ZHANG Jiaqiang;JIANG Changbo(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,China;Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey,Design,Planning and Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410007,China)
出处
《水资源与水工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期98-107,共10页
Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering
基金
湖南省科技创新计划项目(2020RC3037、20hnkj019)
犬木塘水库工程科技创新项目(2022430119001440)
湖南省研究生科研创新项目(QL20210198)。
关键词
“H”型竖缝式鱼道
大底坡
水力特性
流场结构
物理模型
数值模拟
H-typed vertical slot fishway
high slope
hydraulic characteristics
flow field structure
physical model
numerical simulation
